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    Organic Chemistry

    Organic Chemistry is the examination of the structures and behaviors of carbon-based compounds. It uses both physical and chemical methods to evaluate these properties. Although it aims to study the behavior of organic substances in its purest form, it also focuses largely on organic reactions within different chemical systems, such as in solutions and mixtures. Even though Organic Chemistry is considered an isolated sub-discipline of chemistry, it is not truly distinct from Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry or General Chemistry, as it draws on concepts from each of these disciplines.

    Organic Chemistry largely focuses on the study of structure, as one of the underlying principles is that structure determines behavior. Thus, by knowing an organic compounds structure, a chemist can predict its behavior under different chemical contexts. A common way to determine structure is through spectroscopy, which is the study of the electromagnetic interactions within the molecule under study. For example, analyzing the different peaks in a mass spectrum will reveal the mass-to-charge ratio and abundance of the different ions that are generated using the mass spectrometer. Thus, using analytical techniques to determine structure, property or reactivity is extremely important in the field of Organic Chemistry.

    Since organic compounds form the basis of all life on Earth, the applicability of Organic chemistry is not limited to the laboratory – it also heavily extends into the fields of industry, agriculture, medicine and even botany. Thus, studying Organic Chemistry is essential for the prediction of organic chemical behavior. 

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    BrainMass Categories within Organic Chemistry

    Acid and Base Organic Chemistry

    Solutions: 330

    An organic acid is a carbon-based compound with acidic properties, while an organic base is a carbon-based compound with basic properties.

    Organic Chemistry Bonding

    Solutions: 273

    In Organic Chemistry, Bonding refers to the process of a carbon-based molecule forming a chemical bond due to the attractive interactions between two atoms.

    Organometallic Chemistry

    Solutions: 33

    Organometallic Chemistry is the examination of the structures and properties of chemical substances which contain covalent-character bonds between carbon and a metal.

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    Mass Fragmentation Patterns for a Few Compounds

    See the attachments. Guideline 1. The relative intensity of the molecular ion peak is greatest fro the straight chain compound and decreases as the degree of branching increase. 2. The relative intensity of the molecular ion peak usually decreases with increasing molecular weight in a homologous series. Fatty esters appe

    Synthesis Problems of Alcohols

    Please show the steps needed in order to synthesize the finished product from the starting material. 1. Suggest a synthetic route to each of the following alkenes using an alcohol. Keep in mind that acid-catalyzed dehydration often gives mixtures of products due to arrangement. (See attachment for images) 2. Show all synth

    One exception in organic nomenclature

    The priority of amine is higher than alkene still the compound above uses hexene as suffix name? What are then priority used for? And how does one determine the rank of the suffix ending? Do you have a general table or explanation? (see attached table)

    Rate of Electrophilic Substitution

    Why is halogenation the fastest one? Why is friedel crafts reactions the slowest? And why is it so slow that it can not undergo meta substitution electrophilic reactions?

    Major Concerns with HPLC

    In HPLC, how often should I need to run standard with samples? Why? If the retention time is changed with real samples compared to standard, how can I determine if the peak with changed retention time is samples are actually compounds A and B?

    Calculating amount of caffeine from absorbance

    The samples 75mL of coffee (Sample A) and tea (Sample B) were run. Determine the amount of caffeine/mL in a cup of tea or coffee and then the total amount of caffeine in a cup of 200mL. Are there difference between the values at the two different wavelengths and why might this be the case? Explain the result: linear equation ar

    Column Chromatogrpahy vs HPLC

    What types of stationary phases used for column chromatography and HPLC? How these staionary phase work and what types of compounds can be separated using this? What are the difference in the stationary phases used for column chromatography and HPLC? Why are they difference and why do not use the materials in HPLC for making low

    Assorted questions on aromatics and grignards

    1. Give the structures of all possible products when 3-bromopentane reacts by the E2 mechanism. 2. Ethers and alcohols can be isomeric. Write the structures, and give names for all possible isomers with the molecular formula C4H10O. 3. Using a Grignard reagent and the appropriate aldehyde or ketone, show how each of the

    Assorted Alkene Reactions

    Hi. I'd like to check answers to some things before my final. I like handwritten work because it really helps me with the thought processes, like taking a test. 1. Write an equation for the sequential hydroboration and H2O2/OH Ì„ oxidation of 4-ethyl-3- heptene. 2. Indicate the main monosubstitution products in each o

    Enantiometrically Pure Retrosynthesis

    There are many ways of making (R)3-ethyl-4-methylpent-1-yne. Explain what enantiomerically pure retrosynthesis is and show the enantiometrically pure retrosynthesis of this alkyne via a substitution mechanism.

    Goals of Recrystallization Procedures

    The goal of the recrystallization procedure is to obtain purified material with a maximum recovery. For each of the following situations, explain why this goal would be adversely affected. a) In the solution step, an unnecessarily large volume of solvent is used. b) The crystals obtained after filtration are not washed with

    Synthesis Questions: Stability and Reactivity

    Can you please explain these problems. See the attached file. 1.) Which form of molecule A is the most stable (1, 2, or 3)? Provide a graphical (i.e. figures not graphs) provide an explanation for your answer. 2.) Enamines are generally reactive toward electrophiles. For example, compound E reacts with HBr at room temperat

    Nomenclature of alkanes and alkenes

    This solution describes how to name alkanes and alkenes according to the rules of scientific nomenclature. It was originally part of my ebook EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE. If you want more information or a more complete description to include inorganic compounds, please see the ebook section of this we

    Fluorescence Chemistry lab

    Chemistry 3211 Experiment #5 The Simultaneous Determination of Chloride and Bromide Ions Using Fluorescence Quenching 18 June 2013 ABSTRACT The fluorescence quenching method was used to analyze an unknown sample using fluorescent indicators quinine and acrdine to determine the weight percenta

    Enamine Synthesis Mechanism

    (a) (i) Provide a retrosynthetic analysis of the enamine below in order to identify the starting ketone and amine. Please see the attached document for the diagram. (ii) Write a reaction mechanism to explain the formation of the enamine under acidic reaction conditions from the ketone and pyrrolidine. (b) (i) Write a

    Sigmatropic rearrangements

    (a) The pericyclic reaction shown below is an example of the Cope rearrangement. (i) Classify the sigmatropic rearrangement as an [n,n]-sigmatropic rearrangement, where n is an integer. Show how the classification is arrived at as part of your answer. Please see the attached document for the diagram. (ii) An incomplet

    Rate of Initiated Radical Polymerization

    What are the basic steps of initiated radical polymerization? Derive the rate expression of initiated radical polymerization, clearly stating the assumptions. How does this rate depend on the monomer and initiator concentrations?

    Kinetic Molecular Theory: Benzoic Acid

    Benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, melts at 122 degrees C. The density in the liquid state at 130 degrees C is 1.08 g/cm^3. The density of solid benzoic acid at 15 degrees C is 1.266 g/cm^3. In which state is the average distance between molecules the greatest? Explain the difference in densities at the two temps in terms of the kinet

    Dimerization of C5H6

    Suggest a method for measuring the rate of the following reactions: i) 2H2O2(aq) ------> 2H2O (l) + O2(g) ii) HBr(g) -----------> H2(g) + Br2(g) (colorless)............(colorless)....(dark red-brown) For the dimerization reaction 2C5H6(g) --------> C10H12(g) Change in the concentration of C5H6/ change in

    Changes in Solid and Liquid States

    Matter exists in three different states: solid, liquid, and gas. Depending upon its physical properties, matter will be found in one of these states at ambient temperature and pressure. Describe a situation where a substance changed between the solid and liquid states or between liquid and gas states? Can you describe an exa

    Chlorination Reaction

    4. For the reactions: Cl + H-CH3 --> Cl-CH3 + H Cl + H-CH3 --> CH3 + H-Cl a) Calculate the change in H for each reaction using bonds dissociation enthalpies. b) One of these reactions is the rate-determining step in the correct mechanism for the chlorination of methane. What is it? Explain why, based on

    Electrophile and leaving group

    Please see the attached questions with a few parts concerning electrophiles and leaving groups. I am a little confused on how to proceed. An explanation with work would be really nice. Thanks for the help.

    Liquifying Propane

    Please show all work for the final calculations and answers. Thanks! 1) Calculate the entropy change that occurs when 3.5 moles of an ideal gas expands from 1.75 L at 20 degress Celsius to 8.46 L at .54 atm. Explain your strategy for solving this before you start. 2) Pop is packaged under CO2 (g) slightly above atmospher

    Empirical and Molecular Formulae

    The analysis of an organic compound produces the following elemental analysis: % C is 59.999% and % H is 4.476%. What are the empirical and molecular formulae for this compound? The estimate for the molecular weight of the compound is between 175 and 185 g/mol.

    Organic vs. Silicon-Based Solar Cells

    Compare and contrast organic and present day silicon-based (inorganic) solar cells. Describe the physics behind the operation of these solar photovoltaic devices and then discuss how their efficiencies are determined. What advantages and disadvantages exist for both organic and inorganic solar cells? Describe the main

    Bomb and Radiation

    Consider a van parked in a lot outside a professional football stadium in Atlanta, GA on a Sunday afternoon. One ounce of radioactive isotope Cesium 137 was mixed in with the explosive that has been detonated and has caused considerable blast damage. The dust cloud carries toward the nearby downtown area on a light wind speed of

    Fisher Projection Question

    Draw the Fisher projection formulas for the following: a. L-ribose b. L-arabinose c. L-glucose d. L-talose Draw the Fisher projection formulas for the following and then convert them to three-dimensional representations: a. L-threose b. L-erythrose

    Determining Optically Active Forms

    Which of the following substances can exist in an optically active form? a. 1,3-dibromopropane b. ethyl cyclohexane c. 3-ethylpentane Please refer to the attachment for full problem set.