Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with physical and molecular properties of condensed phases of matter. The goal is to understand the behavior of condensed phases by using physical laws in quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics to model it.
The most common condensed phases are solid and liquids. However, superconducting phases exhibit the most unique characteristics found at low temperatures, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins and the Bose-Einstein condensate. Condensed matter research involves measuring various properties through experimental probes with techniques of theoretical physics developed in mathematical models. These models of the condensed matter help physicists understand its physical behavior.
Condensed matter physics is one of the most active fields in physics with approximately one third of all physicists identifying as condensed matter physicists. Currently there are three theoretical models physicists have found to represent solids: the Drude model, the Band structure and the density functional theory. The research in condensed matter physics has given rise to several applications, such as, semiconductor transistors and laser technology. Nanotechnology is also closely related the condensed matter physics. Condensed matter systems also can provide conditions of coherence and phase-sensitivity that is essential for quantum information storage. Researchers are now developing new technologies for information processing and transmission. Condensed matter physics is cross disciplinary within the field of physics.
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