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    Bio Fuels Production

    Why do some scientists have concerns have regarding further increases in bio fuel production. giving chemical reasons explain why is is expensive to manufacture ethanol from cellulose than starch derived from maize (drawing parallels with the structure, bonding and breakdown of polysaccharides in animals).

    Polarities and Hybridizations of a Polymer

    Propylene, C3H6 , is a gas that is used to form the important polymer called polypropylene. What is the total number of valence electrons in the propylene molecule? How many valence electrons are used to make Ï? bonds in the molecule? How many valence electrons are used to make pi bonds in the molecule? How many

    Polarities and Hybridizations Example Questions

    1) Sulfur forms the following compounds with chlorine. Identify the type of hybridization for the central sulfur atom in each compound. SCl4, SCl2, SCl6 2) Look at the structure of propenoic acid and indicate the type of hybridization for each numbered atom. Sp, Sp2, Sp3, Sp3d

    Geometries and Bond Angles

    Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions, and predict their electron-domain and molecular geometries. 1) PF3 what is PF3's electron-domain geometry? Linear Trigonal planar Tetrahedral Trigonal bipyramidal Octahedral what is PF3's molecular geometry? Linear Bent Trigona

    Octet Rule Applied: Example Questions

    Octet Rule: 1) Draw the Lewis structure for SiCl2Br2 . Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all lone pairs of electrons. Exceptions to the Octet Rule: 2) Consider the following four molecules. Which of these satisfy the octet rule and which do not? PF5, CS2, BBr3, CO3^2-

    Bonds and Enthalpies

    1)What is the bond order of F2? 2)What is the bond order of O2? 3)What is the bond order of N2? 4)Rank these molecules in order of decreasing bond energy. fluorine F2: , oxygen O2: , nitrogen N2: 5)Rank these molecules in order of decreasing bond length. fluorine F2: , oxygen O2: , nitrogen N2:

    Calculating Formal Charges and Resonance: Example Questions

    Calculate the formal charge on the indicated atom in each of the following molecules or ions. Some molecules may have more than one possible resonance structure, each resulting in a different possible formal charge on the indicated atom. In such cases, supply both unique formal charge values separated by commas. The central o

    Polar Bonds in Elements

    Consider the following element combinations. Classify the bonds formed between each pair as ionic, polar covalent, or non-polar covalent based on each element's position in the periodic table. S-S Sr-O Na-N O-F S-Cl I-I P-Br Cs-Cl

    Determine ionic charge in nitrogen: Example problem

    Please see the attached file. We are given 3 modified glucose structures in which a nitrogen (via amine reaction) has been placed in the glucose structure. We are asked to determine how and what the ionic charge is around the nitrogen ion in each of the 3 cases shown. How is the charge determined specifically around th

    Molecular Geometry of Negative Ion

    1. What is the molecular geometry of the IO3 (negative) ion? 2. 5.00g of Mg(solid) was reacted completely with S(solid) to form MgS(solid) and 71.2 kj of heat was evolved.  What is the molar enthalpy of formation of MgS(solid)? Answer in kj/mol to 3 sig figs. 3. Calculate the uncertainty in the position of an electron if

    Types of Bonding in Molecules: Example Problems

    1. Which of the following compounds would be expected to exhibit hydrogen bonding: CH4, H2S, HCl, NH3? 2. What intermolecular interactions would be strongest between atoms of krypton? 3. List the following substances in order of increasing boiling point: Xe,Kr, Ar, Ne? 4. Give an example of an ceramic compound. 5. Su

    Example Bonding Questions

    1. What is the hybridization of the central atom in BrF3? 2. How many electrons are in pie orbitals in the molecule N2? 3.What is the bond order in He2 +? 4. What is the density of pure carbon dioxide gas at STP (1.00atm and 273.15 K)? Use 3 sig figs. 5. What is the change in pressure of a sample of gas when its volu

    Bonding in N2 and N2H4

    The nitrogen atoms in N2 participate in multiple bonding, whereas those in hydrazine, N2H4, do not. How can you explain this observation in light of the hybridization at the nitrogen atoms in the two molecules?

    Classes of organic compounds

    Please explain why carbon is able to form so many more compounds than any other element. What is the difference between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons?

    Structural Formula Problems

    Assistance with questions Select the correct structural formula for 4-ethyl1-1,5heptadiene A). ch2=ch-ch2-ch ch=ch-ch3 Ch3 B) ch3=ch-ch2-ch-ch=ch-ch3 C2h5 c) ch2=ch-ch2-ch=ch-ch2-ch3 c2h5 2 structural formula for 1,1,3-triethylcyclohexane 3 structural formul

    Intermolecular Forces, Solubility, Vitamins and Solid Structure

    Need some help with these questions 1. What type of intermolecular forces must be overcome to: a. Vaporize liquid Br2 b. Boil CH3OH (Liquid Methanol) Pretty sure this is Hydrogen Bonding c. Sublime solid NH4Cl d. Vaporize CHCl3 (Chloroform) 2. What would you expect to be more soluble

    calculate ΔH°rxn from equations of reactions

    In the 1980s, there was an international agreement to destroy all stockpiles of mustard gas, ClCH2CH2SCH2CH2Cl. When this substance contacts the moisture in eyes, nasal passages, and skin, the −OH groups of water replace the Cl atoms and create high local concentrations of hydrochloric acid, which cause severe blistering a

    Molecular Geometry and Polarity

    Match these items ___CH4 a. linear ___PCl3 b. pyramidal ___BeBr2 c.tetrahedral ___H2O d.bent ___BF3 e.planar triangular Which molecule would most likkely be nonpolar? a. I

    Attractive Forces

    Name the kind(s) of attractive forces that must be over come in order to do the following: dissolve CsI in liquid HF dipole-dipole dispersion ion-ion ion-diople metallic bonds I believe the first two forces are present and then one of the ion forces?

    Intermolecular Forces Between Molecules

    Name the types(s) of intermolecular forces that exist between molecules: CsBr & BaCl2 The options are dipole-dipole, dispersion, ion-dipole, ion-ion. It can be one or a combination of answers for each molecule. I have tried a variety of options. I know that dispersion forces are always present but I believe both a

    Increasing Ionic Character of Bonds

    List the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character. (Enter your answer in the format H-O for the hydrogen-to-oxygen bond in H2O. Use the appropriate <, =, or > symbol to separate substances in the list.) the sodium-to-fluorine bond in Na-F the magnesium-to-oxygen bond in MgO the nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond in N2 t

    Elements and Compounds

    1. Compare the properties of elements and compounds. Give two examples of each, including one example that exists in the human body. Explain the atomic nature of one element and one compound found in human body 2. A freshman is currently enjoying the Arts Studio program she is pursuing at a well-known university. In her fr

    Chlorine and Halogens

    See the attached file. Which of the following free halogens CANNOT be prepared by the electrolysis of water solution of its salt? A) F2 B) Cl2 C) Br2 D) I2 E) At2 Which one of the following has the smallest atomic radius? A) Li B) Cs C) F D) Na E) Cl Which of the following nonmetal oxides is paired with the

    Precipitating and Dissolving Zinc Hydroxide

    I have zinc hydroxide in solution --- Zn(OH)2 is generally insoluble. My goal is to first render the zinc completely insoluble. We are given a choice of Al2(SO4)3 or H2SO4 in order to lower the pH and solubilize the zinc ---- which is better and why? Then, at a later time, my goal is to render the zinc back to a soluble form and

    Identifying bind strengths and bond types for zinc compounds

    Hello: We have homework that asks us to find the bond strength and identify the type of bond (ionic, covalent etc) for the following zinc compounds: zinc chloride zinc phosphate zinc carbonate zinc hydroxide zinc oxide zinc sulfate zinc oxalate

    Can I have assistance so I can check my answers.

    I have Red blood cells are placed into pure water. Which of the following statements is true? A) water molecules flow out of the red blood cells, causing them to collapse B) water flows into the red blood cells, causing them to swell and burst C) the osmotic pressure of the cell contents increases, causing the cells to b