Robotics

Robotics is a branch of science that deals with the design, construction, operation and application of robotics. Robotics also looks at the computer systems for their control, sensory feedback and information processing. Robots deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans in dangerous environments or manufacturing processes. Many robots today are inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics.

Creating machines that can operate autonomously dates back to classical times. However, research into the functionality and potential uses of robots did not grow substantially until the 20^th century. Robotics has been seen to mimic human behavior and often manage tasks in a similar fashion. Today, robotics is a rapidly growing field. Technological advances continue, research design and building new robots to serve various purposes.

The mechanical structure of a robot is controlled to perform tasks. This control involves three distinct phases, perception, processing and action. Sensors give information about the environment or the robot itself. This information is the processes to calculate the appropriate signals to the actuators which move the mechanical.

Many of the areas of research in robotics focus not on specific industrial tasks but on investigations into new types of robots. A new innovation in robot design is the open sourcing of robot-projects. Robotic engineers design robots, maintain them, develop new applications for them and conduct research to expand the potential of robotics.

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Power generation turbines and solar panels

1.Figure 1 shows (please see attachment Figure 1 Output characteristic of a PV module.pptx) the relationship between the output voltage and the current supplied by a complete PV module. a.Under the same light intensity as in Figure 1, each individual cell in this module has an open-circuit voltage of 0.5 V and a short-circuit

Stable Control Systems

1. a. Draw the Bode diagram for the attached system. b. Is the system stable? 2. Robots can be used in manufacturing and assembly operations where accurate, fast and versatile manipulation is required. The open-loop transfer function of a direct-drive arm may be approximated by: G H (s) = K(s+2) / s(s+5)

Optical absolute shaft encoder, Integrator circuit

3. Describe the operation of an optical absolute shaft encoder. How many tracks are required on an absolute shaft encoder to provide a measurement resolution of 1/20th of a degree? If the transducer were to be used by adding gearing between the measurement shaft and the transducer, what is the minimum gearing ratio req

Calculate the steady-state error.

A robot is programmed to have a prescribed action. Consider a robot tool that is to follow a saw tooth path, as shown in the attachment. The transfer function of the plant is G(s)=(50(s+1))/(s(s+6)(s+9)) for the closed-loop system shown in the attachment. Calculate the steady state-error

Denavit-Hartenberg Parameters

Please see the attachment for a diagram of the robot in question which is a 3-degrees of freedom manipulator with prismatic joints, as well as the following questions: a) Assign the X and Z axes and determine the Denavit-Hartenberg parameters of this robot. b) Determine the A matrices of this robot. c) What is the position

Rotation angle of the second degree of freedom

The serial manipulator shown in figure 1 (in the attachment) is set in a configuration such that the pose of the effector with respect to a world reference frame, Rworld, is defined by the composed homogeneous transformation matrix, Qgripper/world, that follows (defined with respect to evolving reference frames): {Please refe