Methods of Assessment: Compare and Contrast Observation and Sampling

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(1) Compare and contrast Observation and sampling using multicultural and traditional research methodology.

In traditional research methodology, observational methods of gathering data involve observing subjects or participants in the natural environment. In some instances, the subject is unaware that data is being collected, and in other instance, the subjects may be aware that data is being collected. For example, focus groups are a direct observational technique where the subjects are aware that data is being collected. Sampling is a statistical procedure in which measurements are made based on information drawn from a subset of the population. For example, one method of sampling is random sampling. Random sampling involves assigning potential participants in a study to random numbers. Random sampling indicates that each individual of a population has an equal chance of being selected. Sampling is a critical step to ensure statistical conclusions and/or make decisions.

Observation and sampling methods used in multicultural analysis is focused on a specific culture or society. The method of research is focused on individuals with diverse backgrounds. Multicultural research developed amidst questions to explore whether traditional values such as equality and freedom of expression reflected all cultures (Ponterotto, Casas, Suzuki, & Alexander, 1999). Research has been advanced in the literature that examined diversity from several perspectives. As an example one study consisted of efforts to analyze the concept of respect systematically, and from a nursing perspective (Brown, 1977). For purposes of the study, respect is identified as an ethical principle and moral attitude that reflects the inherent values of equality, human dignity, autonomy, and self-determination for all persons (Downie & Telfer, 1970 as cited in Brown, 1977)). From a nursing perspective, respect is viewed as an ...