Examples of the Kounin model for effective teaching

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In today's society, classrooms can be chaotic and disorderly. Increasingly diverse student populations and the rising emotional and social pressures faced by school-children contribute to the complex dynamic of the modern classroom. Student behavior, a key element in the success or failure of the educational process, has correspondingly become more difficult to predict and manage.
In response to this challenge, many frameworks have evolved for encouraging and maintaining classroom environments, which promote behaviors that, are conducive to learning.

Introduction to Jacob Kounin
Jacob Kounin's analysis of classroom discipline focused on how teachers could manage students, lessons, and classrooms so as to reduce the incidence of misbehavior. Within this analytical framework, Kounin identified specific teaching techniques that facilitate and others that interfere with the maintenance of classroom discipline. The results of Kounin's research reinforced the belief that technique, not a teacher's personality, is the most crucial aspect in classroom management of student behavior.

Kounin's Central Focus.
Good classroom behaviour depends on effective lesson management, especially on pacing, transitions, alerting, and individual accountability.

His key ideas:

I - RIPPLE EFFECT
According to the Kounin Model, when teachers correct misbehaviours in one student, it often influences the behaviour of nearby students. This is known as the ripple effect.

Example
The ripple effect may occur as the teacher gives encouragement ("Good, I see that many of ...