The physiological functions and sources of carbohydrates
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Describe the physiological functions and sources of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and fiber.
Differentiate the relationship of carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and fiber to health, morbidity, and mortality.
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Solution Summary
Physiological functions and sources of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and fiber are discussed.
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates offer energy for the body. Glucose is the primary foundation of the energy, used by the cells. The energy or Kilocalories (kcal) of carbohydrates is equivalent to a calorie. Simple sugars are small carbohydrates. Simple sugars such as glucose, fructose, lactose and sucrose are sources of carbohydrates. They come from fruit, milk, beer and other natural sources. Disaccharides are made up of more than two sugar molecules. Polysaccharides are larger and more complex carbohydrates and are less sweet compared to simple sugars. Vegetables are a good example of complex carbohydrates.
A person who fails to consume adequate quantities of carbohydrates is likely to be malnourished, and diabetic or other metabolic problems could result.
Proteins
When the body's supply of carbohydrates is low to supply all the energy needed, amino acids from proteins are converted to glucose. The purpose of protein is to help with growth and maintaining the body functions. It is necessary for hormone and enzyme balance and production. Protein is needed to supply components necessary for bone, muscle and fluid requirements.
Common sources of protein are from animal meat, poultry, milk, and ...
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