Stereotype Threat and the Intellectual Test Performance of African Americans" by Claude M. Steele and Joshua Aron

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• Stereotype and Social Identity Threat

  Stereotype threat based on gender, for example, can be reduced either by ensuring females that a test is gender-fair (e.g., Quinn & Spencer, 2001; Spencer, Steele, and Quinn, 1999) or by explicitly nullifying the assumed diagnosticity of the test (Steele

• Analysis of the Impact of Standardized Testing

  M. & Aronson, J. (1998) Stereotype threat and the test performance of academically successful African Americans. In C. Jencks & M. Phillips (Eds.), The Black-White test score gap. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.

• Cultural Implications of Tests and Measurement

  M. & Aronson, J. (1998) Stereotype threat and the test performance of academically successful African Americans. In C. Jencks & M. Phillips (Eds.), The Black-White test score gap. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.

• Cognitive Psychology: Stereotyping and Prejudice

  In order to mitigate this separation, altered formation must emerge that accounts for universal or diverse test-takers, "The widely held negative stereotypes related to the intellectual performance of African Americans and the increased reliance on

• Stereotype Threat

  Stressner et al (2007) present several strategies (particularly when the stereotyped individual is taking a test) to reduce stereotype threat that include: • Move demographic entries and ethnicity and/or gender to the end of the test • Encourage individuals

• African-American Racial Stereotypes & Crime

  In particular hip-hop songs, the message encourages and romanticizes the stereotype and the notion of the stereotype making the argument that stereotype encourages criminality in the case of African Americans and hip hop music.

• Otherness in Claude McKay's "White House" Poem

  As you then identify who the other is in this work, I infer that McKay is representing African Americans (and other minorities in America) who are isolated and marginalized politically as "Where boldly shines your shuttered door of glass.

• Is Pre-employment Cognitive Testing Fair?

  He defined stereotype threat as the pressure that individuals may feel when they are at risk of confirming, or being seen by others as confirming, a negative stereotype about a group with which they identify (p.179).

• Effects of Stereotypes

  One of the primary mistakes that I find with that argument, is the fact that the vast majority of African-American males are highly adept at speaking standard English, and many of these individuals are not from the inner-city, nor do they speak nonstandard