Selr-esteem vs. Narcisstic personality style

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1. An explanation of the difference between positive self-esteem and narcissistic personality style.

a. Research suggests that trait anxiety produces" negative affect", and trait resilience promotes "positive affect" (Benetti & Kambouropoulos, 2000). Thus, according to Benetti & Kambouropoulos, the affect argument is based on the assumption that individuals with high self-esteem reflect positive states, and negative states describe those persons with low-self-esteem. Based on the trait theory approach, persons with low self-esteem would be considered emotionally unstable, and unable to handle life challenges. For instance, an individual with positive self-esteem has a healthy concept of self. Rogers (1980) explained self-concept as referring to beliefs regarding one's nature, unique qualities and behavior, although criticism is waged at researchers and for using the terms self-concept and self-esteem interchangeably, and Findlay & Bowker (2009) suggests that there is a distinction between the two terms. They explain that self-esteem is a term that indicates psychological well being; whereas (in their view) self-concept provides a description of the person.

b. Narcissism refers to condition in which people have an inflated sense of self-importance and an extreme preoccupation with themselves (Pubmedline). Based on the medical reports, the cause of narcissistic behavior (i.e., as a personality disorder) is unknown. However, it is suggested the "overly sensitive personality coupled with parenting problems may be associated with the disorder. Symptom exhibited by a person with a narcissistic personality include: (a) strong reactions to criticism, (b) takes advantage of others, (c) express excessive achievements and talents, (d) preoccupied with fantasies of success, power, beauty, intelligence or ideal love, (e) have unreasonable expectations of favorable treatment, (f) need constant attention and admiration, (g) disregard ...