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Contrasting verbal and visual imagery in an article

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The solution details a magazine article written about contrasting verbal and visual imagery.

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(1) A contrast of verbal and visual imagery

Studies are presented to suggest that mental representations may take one of three forms: (a) propositions, (b) mental models, or (c) images (Johnson-Laird, 1983 as cited in Sternberg, 2006). Propositions are abstract representations of meaning that are expressed verbally. By comparison, images are much more specific representations, and based on perceptual features of particular objects, and/or styles. In an explanation provided by Sternberg, visual imagery refers to the use of images that represent characteristics such as color and shape. Thus, the differences is in representation. Based on the literature, the debate on mental representations has primarily focused on the functional anatomy of visual imagery associated with mental images (Mellet, Tzourio-Mazoyer, Bricogne, Mazoyer, Kosslyn, & Denis, 2000).

For example, one study addressed the controversy regarding activation of the primary visual area based on visual imagery and cerebral blood flow. Tasks were undertaken that required high-resolution visual mental imagery. Secondly, they investigated whether verbal descriptions affected visual mechanisms during imagery in the same way as visual stimuli. For instance, subjects read memorized 3D scenes that had been either visually presented, or were based on verbal ...

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