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Statistical Techniques to be Used in Hypothesis Testing

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Research Scenario 1
A local manufacturing company is interested in determining whether employees working the day shift are as satisfied with their jobs as employees working on the night shift. The manufacturing company recruited 100 workers to rate their job satisfaction at work on a scale from 1 to 10 where 1 was not at all satisfied and 10 was extremely satisfied. The manufacturing company found that the mean satisfaction rating for day shift employees is 7.3 and the mean satisfaction rating for night shift employees is 6.1.
○ Provide the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses.
○ Determine which type of analysis would be appropriate to answer this research question. Be specific. Please support your answer using course materials.
○ Identify the variables included in this study. Label variables as dependent and independent, if applicable.
○ What are the levels of measurement for each variable?
○ What are the degrees of freedom associated with the test statistic?

Research Scenario 2
The CEO of an organization read a research article describing the importance of generational influence on work motivation. He is now interested in determining if the distribution of Baby Boomer, Generation X, and Millennial employees is the same across engineering and management positions in his company. Staff in the HR department gather records and provide him with the following information:

Employee Age Group Number of Managers Number of Engineers
Baby Boomers 28 18
Generation X'ers 36 34
Millennials 21 45

○ Provide the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses.
○ Determine which type of analysis would be appropriate to answer this research question. Be specific. Please support your answer using course materials.
○ Identify the variables included in this study. Label variables as dependent and independent, if applicable.
○ What are the levels of measurement for each variable?
○ What are the degrees of freedom associated with the test statistic?

Research Scenario 3
A training designer is interested in identifying which training technique is most effective in delivering a course on communication skills. This researcher invites 90 employees to participate in a training course, and then randomly assigns them to one of three groups—classroom lecture (n=30), programmed instruction (n=30), and blended learning (n=30). Participants in each group are trained on exactly the same information pertaining to communication skills using one of the three different delivery techniques outlined above. After the training session, employees are asked to perform in a role play activity to demonstrate their newly learned communication skills. An independent researcher (blind to training group) provides a rating of communication skills (i.e., poor "1" to excellent "5") for each participant. The mean communication skills ratings for each group are classroom lecture (M=3.0), programmed instruction (M=2.9), blended learning (M=3.8).
○ Provide the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses.
○ Determine which type of analysis would be appropriate to answer this research question. Be specific. Please support your answer using course materials.
○ Identify the variables included in this study. Label variables as dependent and independent, if applicable.
○ What are the levels of measurement for each variable?
○ What are the degrees of freedom associated with the test statistic?

Research Scenario 4
An organization has recently restructured and, in the process, has created a new department. Since the transition, members of the new department have had difficulty working with one another and departmental performance is low. An I/O consultant has been hired to implement an intervention to decrease interpersonal conflict among employees. To help diagnose the issue, he emails a survey to the 36 department members asking them to rate conflict levels on a scale from 1 (no conflict) to 10 (extremely high conflict). All 36 employees respond and the mean conflict level is 8.9. Next, he implements a 4-week conflict reduction intervention. Two weeks after the intervention is complete, he emails another survey to all 36 employees asking them to current conflict levels. All 36 employees respond and the mean cohesion level is now 4.6.
○ Provide the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses.
○ Determine which type of analysis would be appropriate to answer this research question. Be specific. Please support your answer using course materials.
○ Identify the variables included in this study. Label variables as dependent and independent, if applicable.
○ What are the levels of measurement for each variable?
○ What are the degrees of freedom associated with the test statistic?

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Solution Summary

The solution provides a detailed analysis of which statistical test is to be used in which research scenario and why that particular test would be appropriate.

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Research Scenario 1

The null and alternative hypothesis pertaining to the above research scenario is given as follows:

Null Hypothesis: The mean satisfaction rating for the employees working the day shift is same as the mean satisfaction rating for the employees working on the night shift.

H_0:μ_1=μ_2

Alternative Hypothesis: The mean satisfaction rating for the employees working the day shift is different from that of the mean satisfaction rating for the employees working on the night shift.
H_1:μ_1≠μ_2

The study aims in comparing the means of two independent groups of participants; one comprising of the employees working in the day shift and the other comprising of the employees working in the night shift. The sample size is 100, which is large. However, it has not been specified as how many employees belonged to each group and whether both the groups had sample sizes of n > 30. Also, the population standard deviations are not known. Hence an independent samples t-test would be appropriate to answer this research question. According to researcher B. Gerald, "Independent samples t-test is used to compare two groups whose means are not dependent on one another (University of Arizona Military Reach, 2009). Two samples are independent if the sample values selected from one population are not related or somehow paired or matched with the sample values selected from the other population. An independent sample t-test tells the researcher whether there is a statistically significant difference in the mean scores for the two groups or not." (B. Gerald, 2018).

The independent variable in this study is Shift. The independent variable is a categorical variable having two categories, namely Day Shift and Night Shift. The independent variable is measured in the nominal scale of measurement.

The dependent variable in this study is Job Satisfaction Rating. The dependent variable is a quantitative variable measured in the ratio scale of measurement.

The degrees of freedom associated with the test statistic is (n1+ n2 -2) = (100 - 2) = 98.

Research Scenario 2
The CEO of an organization read a research article describing the importance of generational influence on work motivation. He is now interested in determining if the distribution of Baby Boomer, Generation X, and Millennial employees is the same across engineering and management positions in his company. Staff in the HR department gather records and provide him with the following information:

Employee Age Group Number of Managers Number of Engineers
Baby Boomers 28 18
Generation X'ers 36 34
Millennials 21 45

Provide the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses.
Determine ...

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