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Correlation and causation

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Please see attachment. I have included graphs and some symptoms of global warming for the questions being asked. I am just unable to formulate answers to the questions.

Much discussion abounds these days about global warming, and the common knowledge is that people are to blame. This, in turn, is based on observations that the surface temperature of the earth has increased as our emissions of carbon dioxide have increased. The correlation is not perfect. On the other hand, there is a near-perfect correlation between sunspot activity and earth temperatures. Who is right? What is the risk of being wrong and taking actions based on an incorrect premise? What sort of statistical data do we need to collect/analyze to answer that question?

Additional bits of information you may wish to know: This is not the first time the earth has warmed up, and there were no humans here the last times it did. There are lots of "greenhouse gases" besides carbon dioxide, including water vapor. Correlation does not, in and of itself, imply causation. About 30 years ago, scientists were warning of a new ice age beginning momentarily; what changed in the intervening years?

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This provides an example of discussion correlation and causation in the context of global warming.

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The two most familiar / popular methods of regarding various beliefs on how the world works are the religious belief and the scientific method.

The religious belief is not subject to discussion on whether it may be erroneous.

The scientific method's basic elements are theories and empirical facts.
The empirical facts are accepted if they can be reproduced, such as an experiment and its results reported by a discoverer should be reproducible by other persons competent in a suitable field.
The theories can never be proved but only refuted by experiment.
If exhaustive attempts were made to refute a theory and all failed, the professionals develop a belief that the theory has merit for as long as it stays not refuted.

If we now look at the issue of the causes of global warming, it may perhaps be difficult to classify just in the simple terms of religion or science.

The issue whether ...

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