Define Correlation and Causation

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(1) Correlation

(a) Define correlation.
Correlation indicates that two variables have a linear (vertical) relationship. A coefficient of correlation is an index of the direction and magnitude of the relationship. Correlates vary in form and size and are a function of sample size and diversity (Friedrich, 2005). Several studies point to a correlation between variables. For example, according to Friedrich, smaller correlates are significant when sample sizes are larger and the size of the size of the correlation is related to the variances and diversity of the sample (p. 44).

(b) With this, describe the relationship between correlation and causation.
Causation holds that a change in one variable will cause a similar change in another variable. For example, if more police patrol a neighborhood and crime goes ...