Life Span Nutrition Needs

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Here is a summary of nutritional needs for men and woman throughout their lifespans. As you will see the ranges of nutrient requirements varies depending on the source therefore it is best to present a wide range. References are included with the information. If you would like to find out nutritional requirements according to the USDA based on specific age and gender parameters see http://www.mypyramid.gov/mypyramid/index.aspx

Nutritional requirements for infants male or female (http://pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu/infantNutrition.html):
Infant Nutrition

Caloric requirements

1. 0-3 months - 116kcal./kg./d
2. 3-12 months- 100kcal./kg./d

Composition of the diet

1. 40-50% fat
2. 40% carbohydrates
3. 10% protein

General guidelines to diet

1. 0-12 months- breast milk or cow protein based formula
2. 4-6 months- introduction of solid foods
3. Breast milk supplies adequate nutrition for the first 6 months of life except for Vit. D which should be supplemented
4. High fat content of diet should continue throughout the first 2 years to insure adequate CNS growth and development.

Breast Feeding

1. Supplies adequate calories
2. Need Vitamin D supplementation, 400 IU/d, especially in dark skinned infants with inadequate sunlight exposure
3. Supplies adequate iron until 6 months of age when the diet should be supplemented with iron fortified cereals. The requirement is 1mg./kg./d
4. Helps protect infant against respiratory and gastrointestinal infections and may enhance immunologic response to vaccines.
5. If breast feeding curtailed before one year of age, iron fortified formula should be introduced.

Cow's Milk Formula

1. Recommended when breast milk is not available
2. 20 cal./ounce
3. Supplemented with necessary daily requirements of vitamins and iron (11-12mg./liter)
4. Unmodified cow's milk not recommended for 1st year of life because has high protein content, inadequate iron, low vitamin C, causes loss of blood from the upper GI tract, presents an increased solute load, and has decreased amounts of zinc.

Soy Protein Formulas

1. There is no advantage for using soy based formulas over cow's protein formulas
1. No decreased incidence or severity of colicky symptoms
2. Does not decrease the incidence of the development of atopy
3. Should not use if there is a true milk protein intolerance.
2. Recommended for infants with galactosemia and lactase deficiency
3. 20 cal./ounce

Specialized Formulas

1. May be necessary in rare carbohydrate intolerance syndromes such as lactase deficiency, sucrase-isomaltase deficiency, and glucose-galactose malabsorption
2. In true cow's milk and soy protein allergy and sensitivity, should start ...