Nutrition and Food Sources: vitamins, water, minerals. Includes description of purpose, deficiencies, and sources in food.

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1. Name and describe all the fat-soluble vitamins, their food source and types of deficiencies?

Vitamin A: maintains epithelial tissue in skin and mucous membranes; forms visual purple for night vision; promotes bone development. Found in liver, whole milk, fortified milk, cheese. Carotenoids found in carrots, green leafy vegetables, sweet potatoes, fortified margarine. Deficiency symptoms are night blindness, impaired growth and intestinal infections.

Vitamin D: acts as a hormone to increase intestinal absorption of calcium and promote bone and tooth formation. Found in Vitamin D fortified foods like dairy products and margarine, fish oils, and through sun. Deficiency symptoms are rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.

Vitamin E- functions as an antioxidant to protect cell membranes from destruction by oxidation. Found in vegetable oils, margarine, green leafy vegetables, wheat germ, vegetable oils, whole grain products, egg yolks. Deficiency symptoms involves disruption of red blood cell membranes; anemia.

Vitamin K: essential for blood coagulation processes. Found in pork, beef liver, eggs, cauliflower, and spinach. Deficiency symptoms involve increased bleeding and hemorrhage.

2. Name and describe all the water-soluble vitamins their food source and types of deficiencies?

Thiamin - coenzyme for energy production form CHO, essential for CNS functioning. Found in ham, pork, lean meat, liver, whole grain products, enriched bread, cereals, legumes. Deficiency symptoms includes poor appetite, apathy, mental depression, pain in calves, beriberi

Riboflavin: functions as a coenzyme involved in energy production form CHOs and fats; maintenance of healthy skin. Found in milk and dairy products, meat, eggs, enriched grain products, green leafy vegetables, beans. Deficiency syndromes include dermatitis, cracks at corner of mouth, sores on tongue, and damage to cornea.

Niacin: functions as a coenzyme for aerobic and anaerobic production of energy from CHO; helps synthesize fat and blocks release of FFA; needed for health y skin. Found in lean meats, fish, poultry, whole grain products, beans. Deficiency symptoms include loss of appetite, weakness, skin lesions, gastrointestinal problems, and pellagra.

Vitamin B6: functions as a coenzyme in protein metabolism; necessary for formation of hemoglobin and RBC; needed for gylcogenlysis and gluconeogenesis. Found in protein foods: liver, lean meats, fish poultry, legumes; green leafy vegetables, baked potatoes and bananas. Deficiency symptoms include nervous irritability, convulsions, dermatitis, sores on tongue, anemia.

Vitamin B12: functions as a coenzyme for formation of ...