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Trunk Muscle Activity During Stability Ball and Free Weight

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Trunk Muscle Activity During Stability Ball and Free Weight Exercises
James L. Nuzzo, Grant O. Mccaulley, Prue Cormie, Michael J. Cavill, And Jeffrey M. Mcbride
Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Health, Leisure & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina

1) Evaluate their choice of population: Is it valid or is it designed to slant the study? How so?
2) Evaluate the Methods: Are the methods evenly weighted, incorrect or designed to slant the study?
3) Evaluate the findings, conclusions, and discussion.
a) Do the findings support the conclusion?
b) Are the conclusions and discussions valid?
c) What conclusions do you draw from the study?
d) What logical questions and concerns should arise from the study?
e) Did the authors extrapolate too much or jump the boundaries of their study
4) Does the title of the research paper accuracy reflect the study?
5) What would you have done differently?
6) Can this study, in any way, be applied to clinical practice?
7) Do you consider the study to be valid?

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Solution Summary

The solution is a thorough review of a research study.

It includes answers to questions reviewing a study on trunk muscle activity during stability ball and free weight exercises conducted by James L. Nuzzo, Grant O. Mccaulley, Prue Cormie, Michael J. Cavill, And Jeffrey M. Mcbride
Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Health, Leisure & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina.

The solution discusses inclusion criteria for the study population, study methods, findings, conclusions, objections, and criticisms of the study. The solution also suggests accuracy, validity, and applicability in clinical practice.

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1) Evaluate their choice of population: Is it valid or is it designed to slant the study? How so?
For the study, nine healthy recreationally active males were chosen as test subjects. The use of these subjects, given the hypothesis and methodology of the study, seems valid and appropriate. However, the test subjects were chosen carefully with respect to the goal of the investigation. For instance, the investigators intentionally chose only male subjects. This was done to maximize the level of measurable results regarding potential muscle hypertrophy. Male physiology (both the increased levels of testosterone, and lower percentage of abdominal body fat) is more conducive to rapid muscle growth through strength training. All other physical aspects of the test subjects as well as their level physical activity were intentionally average. Selecting participants with statistically average physical characteristics helps to ensure that the results of the study are widely applicable and do not pertain only to select populations of males.

2) Evaluate the Methods: Are the methods evenly weighted, incorrect or designed to slant the study?
It is debatable whether or not the testing methods (exercise execution) were chosen in order to favor the current investigation. However, it is evident, that although the investigators were aware of similar studies done in the past, they still chose to conduct the current investigation according to the methods given in their article. In the discussion section (98-100), the investigators summarize their literary review; they reference the studies and study methods of Marshall et al., Drake et al., Zink et al., Escamilla et al., Peterson et al., Compose et al., and Stanton et al. (they also insinuate they the findings of several other studies also differ from their own). In this section, they report differences in relevant data for each study, but then also offer differences in study method that may have ...

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