Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds
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1. Complete the following reaction by drawing a structural formula for the product.
?
• You do not have to consider stereochemistry.
• You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms.
2. Draw a structural formula for the major organic anion formed when 2-ethylbenzaldehyde is reacted with Tollens' reagent.
• You do not have to consider stereochemistry.
• You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms.
• If no reaction occurs, draw the starting material.
3. Draw a structural formula for the product formed when cyclopentanone is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst.
• You do not have to consider stereochemistry.
• You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms.
4. Complete the following reaction by drawing a structural formula for the product.
+ H2 ?
5. Give the name of the missing organic reactant in the following reaction.
? + 2 Ag(NH3)2+ + 3 OH- + 2 Ag + 4 NH3 + 2 H2O
6. Complete the following single-step reaction by writing the name of the reactant.
?
7. Draw a structural formula for the hemiacetal formed when one molecule of ethanol combines with one pentanal molecule.
• You do not have to consider stereochemistry.
• You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms.
8. Draw a structural formula for the ketal formed when two molecules of ethanol combine with one 2-butanone molecule.
• You do not have to consider stereochemistry.
• You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms.
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Solution Summary
This solution provides missing products and starting materials of several organic reactions, with adequate general discussion and chemical structures.
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Answer to 587088
1) Chromic acid (K2Cr2O7 in H2SO4) easily oxidizes aldehydes to corresponding carboxylic acids (-CHO to -COOH).
So the product will be:
The net ionic reaction is as follows:
where R = (CH3)2CH-
2) Tollens' reagent contains the diamminesilver(I) ion, [Ag(NH3)2]+. Aldehydes reduce the diamminesilver(I) ion to metallic silver, forming a grey precipitate of silver or a silver mirror on the test tube. Due to alkaline condition, the aldehyde itself is oxidized to a salt of the corresponding carboxylic acid. ...
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- "Thankyou for the feedback. I have a few question though; With the first statistic about cost below... “According to Sigma-Aldrich catalog, cost of 1L octane is AUD $ 392.00, whereas the cost of 1L ethanol is AUD $196.00. Moreover, if ethanol is obtained from sugar industry as a by-product, it may cost even less. Source of oxygen is ambient atmosphere, so it costs nothing. So ethanol is much cheaper than petrol, in fact it is half-priced: AUD $ (392-196) = $ 196.” I didn't think it made sense because the cost of petrol per litre is normally a dollar something or even less than a dollar not a couple of hundred of dollars. For example, a statistic that I found in america was: "U.S. ethanol production costs are about $1.20 per gallon of ethanol, or $1.82 per gallon on a gasoline-equivalent basis." However, I was wondering whether you could find an Australian statistic. Also, you mentioned that H20 is not a greenhouse gas. However, in the combustion equations it is actually carbon dioxide and water vapour which are produced and they are both greenhouse gases. Finally, how do I calculate the energy efficiency of ethanol and petrol? "
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