Regulatory proteins

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• Cell Surface Receptor and Rapid Signalling

  Figure caption: TGF-b receptors activate gene regulatory proteins directly at the plasma membrane: These receptor serine/threonine kinases phosphorylate themselves and then recruit and activate cytoplasmic gene regulatory proteins (called SMADs, after

• Nuclear Transport Mechanisms

  Gene regulatory signals are transduced into the nucleus through the import of specific regulatory proteins. Many of these nuclear proteins contain a "classical" nuclear localization signal (NLS).

• components of an operon

  The regulatory gene codes for the repressor protein. ? The promoter site is the attachment site for RNA polymerates. ? The operator site is the attachment site for the repressor protein. ? The structural genes code for the proteins. ?

• Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity

  In the special case of cancers there is a balance between the cytotoxic T-cells that recognize and destroy cancer cells and the regulatory T-cells that suppress recognition of self (this is important because without the regulatory T-cells our body would

• Challenges in developing tumor vaccines

  For example some tumors secrete the immunosuppressive factors IL-10 or TGF-beta, and many stimulate the growth of regulatory T cells, whose role it is to suppress immune responses to 'self' proteins.

• Genes involved with the regulation mammalian \"biological clock\"

  The fly\'s clock consists of a core system of four regulatory proteins that interact to give the clock periodicity.

• How Hercules held up the world

  Tropomyosin = The regulatory protein that blocks the myosin binding sites on the actin filament. Troponin = The regulatory proteins that control the position of the tropomyosin on the myosin muscle fiber.

• Biochemical pathways in different cellular compartments

  What are these biochemical pathways and what metabolic regulatory purpose is served by having parts of the processes performed in different cellular compartments? The biochemical pathways occur in different compartments of the cell.

• Signaling

  if cell surface recpetors can rapidly signal to the nucleus by activating latent gene regulatory proteins such as STAT's at the plasma membrane, why do most cell cell surface receptors use long, indirect signaling cascades to influence gene transcription