Signaling
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if cell surface recpetors can rapidly signal to the nucleus by activating latent gene regulatory proteins such as STAT's at the plasma membrane, why do most cell cell surface receptors use long, indirect signaling cascades to influence gene transcription in the nucleus?
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The main advantage of having an indirect signaling cascade to influence gene transcription in the nucleus is "signal amplification." Amplification occurs because individual signaling reactions can produce a large number of products. For example, one effector molecule (like adrenaline), that binds to its receptor can generate thousands of second messenger ...
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