Endocrine, Circulatory, and Respiratory Systems

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1. Endocrine System: Observe the diagram showing the major organs of the endocrine system. Using the textbook and Virtual Library resources, fill in the following table:

Endocrine System
Note: Some organs support the system, but may not produce or secrete hormones.
Number Name of the Organ or Part Hormone(s) Produced or Secreted

1 Hypothalamus - a small region of the brain that is a major link between the nervous and endocrine system. The hypothalamus controls the autonomic nervous system and regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, fear, rage, and sexual behavior. The hypothalamus control feeling such as pain, stress, and emotional experiences. (1)
2 Pituitary gland - the "master endocrine gland" because it secretes many hormones that control other endocrine glands. It is a "pea-shaped structure that attaches to the hypothalamus by a stalk. The pituitary gland contain an anterior lobe called the anterior pituitary that function to secrete hormones that regulate bodily activities from growth to reproduction.
3. anterior pituitary gland - secrete hormones that regulate many bodily activities such as growth and reproduction
4 posterior pituitary - it does not produce hormones, but store and release two hormones called oxytocin ( OT) and the antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ).
5 Pineal gland - a small endocrine gland attached to the brain at the midline and is part of the epithalamus. The gland contains masses of neuroglia and secretory cells. The pineal gland secretes melatonin, which is an amine hormone derived from serotonin. Melatonin is released more in the darkness than in sunlight. (1) Melatonin contribute to the setting of the body's biological clock.
6 Thyroid gland - the thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland that is located just inferior to the larynx or voice box. It is made up of spherical sacs called thyroid follicles. The thyroid gland is "the only endocrine gland that stores secretory product in large quantities." The thyroid gland secrete thyroid hormones called thyroxine or T4 or triiodothyronine or T3, which function to increase basal metabolic rate ( BMR) (rate of oxygen consumption under standard or basal conditions).
7 Parafollicular cells - cells of the thyroid gland that produce the hormone calcitonin that can decrease the level of calcium in the blood by inhibiting the action of osteoclasts; cells that break down bone extracellular matrix.
8 Parathyroid gland - small, ...