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the steps of glycolysis

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Describe the steps of glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and the electron transport chain including the net yield of ATP from each process

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Solution Summary

This job examines the various steps of glycolysis as well as ATP processes.

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Glycolysis is the first step of both aerobic (requiring oxygen) and anaerobic (no oxygen needed) cellular respiration. Glycolysis breaks a 6 carbon glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvate and yields 1 NADH and 2 ATP.

In this explanation MAJOR MOLECULES are CAPITALIZED, *enzymes* *have asterisks* and _Coenzymes_ or _other key molecules_ have _underscores_

I strongly suggest reviewing this with a chart from your biology text. I know this from memory but you can cite any biology book as your reference.

The steps of glycolysis are as follows:

1. GLUCOSE is phosphorylated by *Hexokinase* (or *Glucokinase* in the liver and pancreas) using the phosphate of 1 _ATP_ to yield GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATE (GTP) and an _ADP_ (from the _ATP_)

2. G6P is converted to FRUCTOSE 6-PHOSPHATE (F6P)

3. F6P is converted using another _ATP_ into FRUCTOSE 1,6-BISPHOSPHATE with another _ADP_ (from the second _ATP_) as a byproduct

4. FRUCTOSE 1,6-BISPHOSPHATE is broken into one GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE (PGAL) and one DIHIDROXYACETONE PHOSPHATE

4a. DIHIDROXYACETONE PHOSPHATE is converted into another PGAL. We now have two PGALs

5. Each PGAL is reduced by _NAD+_ to 1,3-BISPHOSPHOGLYCERATE. ...

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