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Cancer study in statistics

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This question is taken out of "Fundamentals of Biostatistics" which I need help on. The program we are using is R

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This question is taken out of "Fundamentals of Biostatistics" which I need help on

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Obesity and Breast Cancer Study

Obesity is very common in American society and is a risk factor for breast cancer for postmenopausal women. One mechanism explaining why obesity is a risk factor is that it may raise the estrogen levels in women. In particular, one type of estrogen, serum estradiol, is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. To better assess these relationships, researchers studied a group of 151 African American and 60 Caucasian
premenopausal women. Adiposity was measured in two different ways
(i) by body mass index (BMI) = weight (kg)/height2(m2) and also (ii) by waist-hip ratio (WHR) = waist circumference / hip circumference. BMI is a measure of overall adiposity, whereas WHR is a measure of abdominal adiposity. In addition, a complete hormonal profile was obtained, including serum cholesterol (ES 1). Finally, other breast cancer risk factors were also assessed among these women, including (1) eth-
nicity (Ethnicity = 1 if African-American, = 0 if Caucasian), (2) age (Age ), (3) parity (Num child = number of children), (4) age at first birth (Agefbo), (5) any children (Anykids = 1 if yes, = 0 if no), (6) age at menarche (Agemenar = age when menstrual periods begin). The data are available in additional folder.

BMI is classified as: normal if < 25; overweight if ≥ 25, < 30, and obese if ≥ 30. Compare the distribution of BMI between Caucasian and African-American women using the above classification (use a two-tailed test) and report your findings.
Is there a crude association between either measure of adiposity (BMI, WHR), considered separately, and serum estradiol?
Are these relationships similar for Caucasian ...

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Chris Busu, PhD (IP)
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  • MSc, Ovidius
  • MSc, Stony Brook
  • PhD (IP), Stony Brook
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