Sexual Abuse Trauma Analysis

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* Describe the theoretical and empirical knowledge about psychological trauma and the impact of victimization within this population.
The National Center of Child Abuse & Neglect (1996), report that 30% of substantiated cases of sexual abuse involve children under 8 years of age. In addition, juvenile sex offenders are responsible for 20 to 30% of rape; and 30 to 60% of child molestation cases in the United States.

Lipovskey (n. d.) asserts that most of the research on child victimization and exposure to violence show that children have difficulty expressing their concerns and feelings to a professional. Others lack the ability to communicate, and some children distrust others after a traumatic event.

Lipovskey (n. d.) notes that, "Child sexual abuse is a social problem of significant magnitude", and provides prevalence rates that indicate women, who are abused as a child --1 in 3 women; whereas the rates for men as victims of child abuse are one in six men. According to Lipovskey asserts that child abuse is associated with social and health problems that are both short-term and long-term problems such as:
Short-term problems
• Anger
• Acting out
• Difficulty regulating emotions
• Fear
• Anxiety
• Intrapersonal problems
• Nightmares
Long-term problems
• Anxiety disorders
• Depression
• Posttraumatic Stress disorder
• Sexual dysfunction

In examining the long-term consequences of child abuse, Urquita & Goodin-Jones (1994) found that the rates of re-victimization are higher among women of color (e.g., African American women and Latino) than white, or Asian women Roberts, & Miltenberger's (1999) research shows that high rates of child abuse have brought increasing attention to prevention research, according to Roberts et al., the first national survey of prevalence and risk factors of child abuse showed that 22% of the U. S. population reported they were victims of child abuse.

Wilson & Scarpa (2015) presented results that supported aggression, sensitivity, and ambivalence as mediators in the relationship between child abuse, and depressive symptoms. However, interpersonal difficulties were related to hostility, emotional reactivity, lack of sociability, and isolation.

According to Pazdera, McWey, Muilis, & Carboneli (2013), child sexual abuse is associated with parenting sense of competence. For example, they assert that maternal survivors of child sexual abuse are at increased risk for negative parenting outcomes.

Rus & Alina (2013) explain that the emotional abuse is intended to control, subjugate, submit through fear and intimidation, coerce, and creates emotional scars for life. The physiological aspect leaves the person viewing the world as a hostile place.

• Commonalities and differences of demographic variables and psychological profiles between sub-types of victims that may present in this population.

Research is presented that supports the premise that different types of maltreatment affect child outcomes. Studies were conducted to show different effects on a range of child outcomes, including emotional and social development; and other theories on physical neglect is consistent with lower intellectual functioning (Lau, Leeb, English, Graham, Briggs, Brady, et al., 2005).

According to Lau et al., researchers often classify child maltreatment ...