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Topics in Managing Homeland Security

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Questions: need references

1. According to Ward, in what capacity could we use public works personnel as first responders? In what way does the "image" of public works impede Ward's ideas?
2, What is GIS? In what way did the mayor's Office of Emergency Management in New York City use GIS in the immediate aftermath of the 9-11 attacks?
3. According to the Larson chapter, what are the critical homeland security issues demanding attention by dispatch centers? Explain each.
4. Explain the Mitchell Model for debriefing first responders after critical incidents.
5. What is LODD? What resources can be tapped to conduct all the tasks necessary to LODD, according to DeChant?

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Solution Summary

the solution is a 1,518-word 5-part narrative, each part a mini-essay with listed references that discusses and explains the 5 questions listed in the original problem (see long description) discussing the following topics - Ward's idea on public works personnel as first responders, the GIS, critical issues faced by dispatch centers, the Mitchell model and the LODD and its tasks. A word version of the solution is attached for easy download and printing.

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Ward's Public Works & First Responders Proposal

Janet Ward's 2002 article "Public Works: The Nation's Forgotten First Responders" showcased the hard work and role of public workers - first responders in incidences of terrorism, violence, calamities and other disasters and public events. For Ward, these public workers are first on the scene bringing in heavy equipment and doing ground work and dirty work not only in the very beginning but also in the very end when they are tasked to put things back in order, to clean up and to erect or maintain structures and ensure that the situation and concerns of the constituents and community affected and involved are attended to. She believes that public works does not beget the respect it deserves. Even then, Ward proposes that public works personnel can be trained in reacting to nuclear, biological & chemical attack as well as reacting to and ensuring that they are equipped to manage any situation that can lead to or during and after a terror attack not unlike 9-11. This is actually in line with the Domestic Terrorism Program proposed in the 1997 Defense Authorization Bill. The preparedness of first responders is tied to what the Department of Defense views as American technical Capability.

Kay Goss of FEMA offered that together with the police and the FBI, America's fire-fighters and emergency services have replaced the US military as the first line of defence in American home soil to threats to American security including terrorism. Local responders are first on the scene and dependent on the severity of the incident and jurisdiction, state and federal officers join the fray confusing, in most cases the chain of command. It is this chain of command in relation to security and authority that goes in the way of the full utilization of the first responders. First responders do not have that military image that is so typical of American defence. Their roles are usually seen as support roles - important but not as ...

Solution provided by:
Xenia Rochelle Jones, MA, PhD (IP)
Education
  • MPhil/PhD (IP), Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
  • MA, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
  • Certificate, Geva Ulpan (via Universita Tel Aviv)
  • BA, University of the Philippines
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