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GIS Use in Policing and Law Enforcement

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Several states and the U.S. federal government have undertaken various initiatives to use GIS and mapping technology as part of a state effort to protect children and other vulnerable populations from persons with histories of sexual crimes and offenses. This mapping is targeted to monitor previously convicted sex offenders released from prison. This data would be useful in investigating new cases of sex offenses in that sex offenders have a high rate of recidivism. Additionally, mapping of sex offenders can provide a specific deterrent effect for the individual offender, who would now be more fearful of being identified. The U.S. Department of Justice has set up a Web site, and members of the public can search the Web site to determine whether a sex offender resides in their home community. GIS systems are used in private companies as well as by law enforcement. What can people earns from GIS technology and why is it applicable for policing?

GIS is a computer system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data.

Theres a video about the City of Philadelphia and their application of ArcGIS programs.
ArcGIS in Philadelphia

•Is the U.S. on its way to even better and more advanced law enforcement systems? What do people envision as the next generation of GIS technology that can be utilized for law enforcement? Why?
•Why is there a reluctance of the private sector and utilities to share GIS data with police and law enforcement agencies?
•Should the federal government support GIS data initiatives of local police and law enforcement agencies? Why? How would this benefit or deter law enforcement efforts?
•Has GIS and mapping software increased the level of accountability in police and law enforcement agencies? How? How sophisticated has crime mapping become in the U.S.?
Has the increase in GIS technology and the sophistication of forensic investigations increased the need for a new generation of police and law enforcement officers with advanced education? What implications does this have for the recruitment and training of police officers?
Use references cite sources.

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Solution Summary

This solution discusses the use of GIS and mapping software in policing and law enforcement. It looks at a specific case study on the City of Philadelphia and their application of ArcGIS programs.

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•Is the U.S. on its way to even better and more advanced law enforcement systems? What do people envision as the next generation of GIS technology that can be utilized for law enforcement? Why?
The US is potentially on its way to becoming more advanced in terms of policing and law enforcement systems. According to Jim McKay, the next generation of 9-1-1 includes a "robust" GIS system that "graphically control your boundaries and the different things you need to control for 911 call routing."
He further states, "GIS is moving forward at leaps and bounds in the PSAP world. This is the future. This is where people have made sizeable investments not just from the public safety aspect, but from county and city and state and municipality aspects. There are jurisdictions out there that have dozens of layers of GIS mappings.

The more intricate and sophisticated your GIS solution is the more capability you enable. For 911 the most basic core component is routing boundaries. The future of that is being able to manipulate those boundaries on the fly and change the routing engine to where you have the ability to change the way calls are routed as things change in your environment from a normal state to a crisis." (McKay, 2012)
You can read about this in more detail here:
http://www.emergencymgmt.com/safety/GIS-Text-Future-Next-Generation-911.html
Another similar article is below:
http://www.directionsmag.com/entry/gis-and-geospatial-technologies-key-to-next-generation-9-1-1/200790
So basically, people ...

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