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Systematic reasoning - Patterns of deductive thinking

Decide whether the following hypothetical arguments are valid or invalid:

1. If the balloon burst, then it lost air.
The balloon did not burst.
Therefore, the balloon did not lose air.

2. If the balloon burst, then it lost air.
The balloon did not lose air.
Therefore, the balloon did not burst.

3. If the balloon burst, then it lost air.
The balloon burst.
Therefore, it lost air.

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Solution Summary

Systematic and deductive reasoning, going from if to then to therefore.

Solution Preview

1. Invalid. The logic is if A occurs (balloon burst), then B (it lost air) was the cause. A did not occur and, so, ...

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