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Cultural Orientations

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Orientation's implications to management

Orientations
What is the nature of evil?

Good

Evil

Mixed

Implication to Management
A. Optimistic about other people's motivations; theory Y; participation encouraged; trust; direct communication valued.

B. Pessimistic; theory X; suspicion of peers and subordinates, negotiation partners; secretive.

C. Use of middlemen and consultants; a discrepancy between optimistic attitudes and behavior - for instance, the values of communication are proclaimed but every message is vetted by a lawyer.

What is the person's relationship to nature?

Dominant

Harmony

Subjugation.

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The solution discusses the cultural orientation's implications to management.

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Cultural Orientations

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck

Introduction

The comparative model designed by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961) has been widely influential.

It claims that members of a culture group exhibit constant 'orientations' toward the world and other people.

Different cultures may be compared on the basis of their different orientations.

The model distinguishes six basic orientations, which reveal the target culture group's perceptions of human conditions, and presents a range of variations, or possible, in response to it.

Orientation's implications to management

Orientations
What is the nature of evil?

Good

Evil

Mixed

Implication to Management
A. Optimistic about other people's motivations; theory Y; participation encouraged; trust; direct communication valued.

B. Pessimistic; theory X; suspicion of peers and subordinates, negotiation partners; secretive.

C. Use of middlemen and consultants; a discrepancy between optimistic attitudes and behavior - for instance, the values of communication are proclaimed but every message is vetted by a lawyer.

What is the person's relationship to nature?

Dominant

Harmony

Subjugation

Control and planning; imposing one's will on the natural environment and on the business environment, working to mould the organizational culture.

Coexistence; search for common ground; aversion to open conflict within the workplace; respect for different others.

Fatalism: ready acceptance of external control; aversion to independent planning; pessimism ...

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