Motivation Theory Key Researchers
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Select one motivation theory discussed in Ch. 3-5 of the Latham text provided below.
Provide a paper wherein you trace the theory's origins, its key researchers, related research findings, and its possible effect in this century.
Include a minimum of 5 scholarly sources.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
Chapter 3: 1950-1975: The Emergence of Theory 27
Introduction 27
Job Satisfaction and Job Performance 28
Motivation Theory 29
Need Hierarchy Theory 30
Theory X and Theory Y 32
Theory-Driven Empirical Research 33
Job Characteristics 36
Equity Theory 42
Expectancy Theory 44
Behavior Modification 48
Goal-Setting Theory 52
Concluding Comments 56
Equity Theory 42
Expectancy Theory 44
Behavior Modification 48
Goal-Setting Theory 52
Concluding Comments 56
Chapter 4: 1975-2000: The Employee Is Immersed in Thought 59
Introduction 59
Goal-Setting Theory 60
Goal Limitations 63
Social Cognitive Theory 70
Self-Regulation 76
Job Characteristics Revisited 79
A Comprehensive Framework: The High-Performance Cycle 80
Demands Influence Performance 80
Mediators 85
Moderators 86
Performance Leads to Rewards That Affect Satisfaction 92
Satisfaction Leads to Organizational Commitment 93
Principles of Organizational Justice 95
Concluding Comments 98
Chapter 5: 20th-Century Controversies 99
Money 99
Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation 102
Performance and Satisfaction 105
Participative Decision Making 108
Seismic Events: Summary and Overview of the 20th Century 116
From a Scientist's Viewpoint 116
From a Practitioner's Viewpoint 121
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Solution Summary
The expert provides a paper where they trace the theory's origins. The Emergence of Theory is examined.
Solution Preview
See attached file.
Maslow's Theory of Motivation-Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Origin and Key Researchers
This theory was proposed by Abraham Maslow (1908 - 1970) in 1943 in his paper - A Theory of Human Motivation. In his theory, Maslow extended his study by including observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories which are based on psychology of human behavior. While formulating the theory, Maslow studied what he referred to as exemplary people such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, etc., rather than choosing unfit population base. As a result his theory is based on clinical experiences with people rather than as did the prior theories of psychology from authors like Freud and B.F.Skinner which were either mostly theoretical or based on animal behavior.
Key Findings
The theory is based on the assumption that people are motivated by five needs which are universal in nature. These needs have been ranked in hierarchical order based on the degree to which they influence human behavior. It is only when lower level of need has been fully met would the individual be motivated to have the next level of need in the hierarchy fulfilled. According to Maslow, there are general types of needs- psychological, survival, safety, love, and esteem which need to be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. Maslow called these needs as deficiency needs. As long as a person is motivated by these needs, he is on a path to growth and finally achieves self actualization.
Following are the needs identified by Maslow in the order of their position in the hierarchy:
Physiological needs: These are lowest level needs, ranked lowest in the hierarchy and include basic needs such as food and water. ...
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