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Cardiac Output of an Exercising Athlete

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The cardiac output of an exercising athlete can increase from 5 to 25 litres or more. Explain what is a cardiac output and describe how such a large increase can occur.

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Discusses the cardiac output of an exercising athlete.

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Cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute. It can also be measured by the amount of blood ejected from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk each minute. Either way, it should be the same.

Cardiac output (CO) equals the stroke volume (SV), the volume of blood ejected by the ventricle with each contraction, times the heart rate (HR).

Therefore, CO = SV x HR

At rest, for a typical adult, stroke volume is about 70 ml/beat. A normal heart rate is about 70 beats/minute or ...

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