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Brainstem, Diencephalon, Cerebellum and Cerebrum

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Compare and contrast the brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum, and cerebrum. Thank you.

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Solution Summary

The solution includes a description of the origin and functions of the brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum and cerebrum. To simplify the discussion, a table comparing those structures is attached.

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The brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum and cerebrum originate from the neural tube of the embryo and its three primary hollow vesicles forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain (Sinauser, 2000). The cerebrum and the diencephalon originate from the forebrain vesicle and the cerebellum from the hindbrain's secondary vesicle metencephalon with the pons (part of the brainstem) (Gray, 2000). The other two parts of the brainstem have two different origins. The medulla oblongata comes from the hindbrain's secondary vesicle myelencephalon and the midbrain from the primary vesicle that carry the same name (Gray, 2000).

Because of their origin, the four structures have in common the presence of white and grey matter with nuclei and fibers. They all depend on the bones and the meninges for their protection and on a careful balance of electrolytes and feedback response for their functions. Besides that, there is little in common since their development ends in specialization of a variety of functions in the body.

The cerebrum with its two ...

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