Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder
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Should Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder be considered an Axis II disorder (presently it is only in the Appendix section in DSM awaiting further study)?
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Solution Summary
Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder is traced historically and briefly debated. References are also listed to promote research.
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The term, passive aggressive, originated in the American military to describe soldiers who did not comply with their supervisors' commands (Hopwood et al. 2009, p. 257), however, as a form of psychological disorder, psychoanalytic literature was the first to describe passive-aggressive as a clinical disorder (Rotenstein et al. 2007). When passive-aggressive personality disorder (PAPD) was introduced in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM), the disorder was initially marked by passive resistance to fulfilling routine demands (APA, 1952 & 1968). A more precise diagnosis was given to PAPD in the DSM-III; which described PAPD as "A pervasive pattern of passive resistance to demands for adequate social and occupational performance, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts" (APA, 1987). Millon contended that the diagnostic criteria represented behavior as a single symptom diagnostically embedded in a larger syndromal context (Hopwood et al. ...
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