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Attitudinal influences on information processing

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Attitudinal influences on information processing and decision making/attitudes influence various stages of information processing, such as attention, interpretation, and memory. It is through their influence that you attend to only a portion of the information in your environment; and, although you may attend to the same information as another individual, the attitudes you hold can influence how the information is interpreted. The attitudes also can influence your ability to remember information, as well as the details you recall.

Include:
A description of the content in the advertisement you remember.
Describe the content in the advertisement that draws your attention the most.
Provide your interpretation of the message this advertisement is trying to convey.
Describe your attitude toward the advertised object and explain how the attitude you hold may influence your attention to, and interpretation and retention of, the advertisement.

Support your response with references
Some references you can used:

Bargh, J. A. (1982). Attention and automaticity in the processing of self-relevant information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(3), 425-436.

Eagly, A. H., Chen, S., Chaiken, S., & Shaw-Barnes, K. (1999). The impact of attitudes on memory: An affair to remember. Psychological Bulletin, 125(1), 64-89.

Houston, D. A., & Fazio, R. H. (1989). Biased processing as a function of attitude accessibility: Making objective judgments subjectively. Social Cognition, 7(1), 51-66.

Roskos-Ewoldsen, D. R., & Fazio, R. H. (1992). On the orienting value of attitudes: Attitude accessibility as a determinant of an object's attraction of visual attention. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(2), 198-211.

Sanbonmatsu, D. M., & Fazio, R. H. (1990). The role of attitudes in memory-based decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(4), 614-622.

Smith, E. R., Fazio, R. H., & Cejka, M. A. (1996). Accessible attitudes influence categorization of multiple categorizable objects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(5), 888-898.

Blascovich, J., Ernst, J. M., Tomaka, J., Kelsey, R. M., Salomon, K. L., & Fazio, R. H. (1993). Attitude accessibility as a moderator of automatic reactivity during decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(2), 165-176.

Fazio, R. H., Blascovich, J., & Driscoll, D. M. (1992). On the functional value of attitudes: The influence of accessible attitudes upon the ease and quality of decision making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(4), 388-401.

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The solution discusses the attitudinal influences on information processing.

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See the attached file.
This is the suggested outline using this simple outline:

1. Attitude and cognition - 100 words
2. Attitude & attention - 100 words
3. Advertisement - 100 words
4. Content on focus - 100 words
5. Interpretation - 100 words
6. Attitude explanation, influence & retention - 150 words

This outline should yield 650 words which should cover what you need.

Attitude (cognition, attention, retention)

Cognition

Attitude are those psychological tendencies that we have towards a positive or a negative valuation of an object, person, place, thing or an idea. It is a position and perspective that we feel which is shaped by our continued experiences and the sum total so far of our socialization and our life experience. An attitude, since its subject to experiences is also subject to change and not necessarily permanent dependent on immersion and other experiential factors. One's culture, socialization, personal experiences - they all shape our attitudes. Cognitively, it is possible to determine the manner of attitudinal expression and formation in individuals by using certain theories including dual process theory (DPT). DPT proposes that when faced with decisions, we have the automatic unconscious reasoning that is implicit - drawing from past experiences where we recognize stimuli and associate them with our experiences in the past; at the same time, a conscious thought process also occurs where the person thinks about what is before him/her using conscious judgements. Our attitudes are evident in the unconscious automatic reasoning as it is highly emotional and unstructured but one wherein we recognize factors and elements so that our mind and body react in a particular way, unconsciously before we become conscious of why we act in a particular way. An example of this are victims of abuse - when subjected to certain sounds and situations, they unconsciously react in a defensive manner and feel oppressed. Their conscious self, once aware of how they react work out the attitude they have to the factors present, and process their reaction as well as the factors present to gauge if the reaction is apt and to correct, if the attitude is unhealthy, the manner by which the self evaluated the situation. Attitude thus works with cognition in a way that experience becomes a memory bank from which certain psychological valuations are based upon. It can become problematic but with conscious processes, the individual can ...

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Xenia Rochelle Jones, MA, PhD (IP)
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  • MA, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
  • Certificate, Geva Ulpan (via Universita Tel Aviv)
  • BA, University of the Philippines
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