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Middle, Late Childhood and Adolescence

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Review the different theories that focus on middle childhood through adolescent development. Select elements from these theories to create an explanation of the major developmental factors related to middle childhood, late childhood, and adolescent development. Prepare a response in which you describe this explanation. Be sure to include the following items in the description:

a. Describe the theories from which your selected elements of the developmental factors.
b. Discuss how each element works together to create the major developmental factors. Include rational for selecting these elements. If you think current theories have major gaps be sure to address them.
c. Provide examples in terms of development during this phase to illustrate the points of the major developmental factors.

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Solution Summary

This solution examines aspects of different theories that focus on middle childhood through adolescent development to assist in creating an explanation of the major developmental factors related to middle childhood, late childhood, and adolescent development. Supplemented with two descriptive articles of developmental theories in childhood.

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This is an interesting and integrative assignment. Have you given some thought to the theories which you have taken and which aspects seem important to describing the development of a child through middle and late childhood and into adolescents? I attached two informative sources to brush up these theories.

To help get you started, let's use a holistic model, drawing on different elements from different theories. However, this is not all exhaustive, and you should add your own unique perspective as well. The questions can act as a tentative outline for your paper. Like all academic papers, it will include an Introduction, Body and Conclusion, as well as a Reference list.

Let's go though the questions, which you can consider for your final copy.

RESPONSE:

a. Describe the theories from which your selected elements of the developmental factors.

This example is a holistic model for development. The model would need to include social and psychological and emotional aspects (Bandura and Eriksson) as well as cognitive (Piaget and Vygotsky).

Children do not merely grow taller & heavier. Maturing involves growth in ability to perform skills, to think, to relate to people, to trust, to have confidence in oneself. Growth occurs and the child increases in physical size such as weight & height (quantitative change). Development (maturation) refers to increase in skill or ability to function & it is measured by observing a child's ability to perform a specific task (qualitative change). Psychosocial development (Erikson) refers to ego and personality development. Moral development refers to growing to know right from wrong. Cognitive development (Piaget) refers to the ability to learn & understand from experience, acquire & retain knowledge, respond to new situations & solve problems. It is measure by intelligence tests & observation of the child (http://www.angelfire.com/ns/southeasternnurse/GrowthDevelopment.html).

Erikson

Erikson's theory of ego psychology holds certain tenets that differentiate his theory from Freud's. Some of these include: (a) the ego is of utmost importance, (b) part of the ego is able to operate independently of the id and the superego, (c) the ego is a powerful agent that can adapt to situations, thereby promoting, (d) mental health, and (e) social and sexual factors both play a role in personality development. http://www.haverford.edu/psych/ddavis/p109g/erikson.stages.html

Erikson's theory also includes aspects of emotional development, but does not refer directly to emotions. The relevant psychosocial crisis in the development of a healthy ego in middle, late and adolescents are:

Stage 4 - Industry vs. Inferiority
? To bring a productive situation to completion is an aim which gradually supersedes the whims and wishes of play.
? The fundamentals of technology are developed
? To lose the hope of such "industrious" association may pull the child back to the more isolated, less conscious familial rivalry of the Oedipal time
? The child can become a conformist and thoughtless slave whom others exploit.
? Important : Neighborhood, School, Community

Stage 5 - Identity vs. Role Confusion (or "Diffusion")
? The adolescent is newly concerned with how they appear to others.
? Ego identity is the accrued confidence that the inner sameness and continuity prepared in the past are matched by the sameness and continuity of one's meaning for others, as evidenced in the promise of a career.
? The inability to settle on a school or occupational identity is disturbing. http://www.haverford.edu/psych/ddavis/p109g/erikson.stages.html
? Important: Peer Groups and Outgroups; Models of Leadership
? To be oneself (or not to be)
? To share being oneself http://www.haverford.edu/psych/ddavis/p109g/erikson.stages.2.html

Bandura

It is an outgrowth of behaviorism, maintains that children, in particular, learn social behaviors by observing and imitating models (usually their parents). Social learning theory explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, an environmental influences. The component processes underlying observational learning are: (1) Attention, including ...

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