Terrorism:Concepts, Terms & Debates
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1. What are the definitions of terrorism according to the following: Brian Jenkins, Walter Lacqueur, Edward Hermann, Alex Schmid, the FBI, the State Department, and the United Nations?
2. What is the "Spectrum of Conflict" mentioned in the text? Identify two separate real-world examples of conflict (past or present). Explain why they belong on the spectrum.
3. Briefly summarize how terrorists justify their actions.
4. Describe and explain the two frameworks of the social process framework of terrorism. Assess this framework's strengths and weaknesses.
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Solution Summary
The solution is a 1,122-word comprehensive narrative that explains and answers key concepts and ideas related to and about terrorism. Definitions of terrorism from varied experts are explained and discussed, the spectrum of conflict is explained, the justifications used by terrorists for their actions discussed and the social framework that supports and encourages terrorism along with personality-types of terrorists is included. References are listed for expansion. A word version of the solution is attached for easy printing.
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Terrorism: Definition & Typologies
1. What are the definitions of terrorism according to the following: Brian Jenkins, Walter Lacqueur, Edward Hermann, Alex Schmid, the FBI, the State Department, and the United Nations?
The definition of terrorism between said people and agencies hold similar views but differ in certain interpretations and details. Some are narrow while some are broad while some focus on 'Old terrorism' and others are inclusive of 'New Terrorism' and some both. The following is a concise summary -
? The UN - after 9-11, the UN had a hard time coming to a consensus as to how terrorism ought to be defined. The consensus so far is thus, "Terrorism is a method of combat in which random or symbolic victims become targets of violence," with terrorism being "Any act intended to cause death or serious bodily injury to a civilian, or to any other person not taking an active part in the hostilities in a situation of armed conflict, when the purpose of such act, by its nature or context, is to intimidate a population, or to compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act." (from Article 2(b) of International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, May 5, 2004)
? The FBI & the US State Department have an almost similar shared view (differing in interpretation dependent upon events) but worded differently thus -
o State Department definition, Title 22 of the U.S. Code, Chapter 38, Section 2656f(d): premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant ...
Education
- MPhil/PhD (IP), Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
- MA, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
- Certificate, Geva Ulpan (via Universita Tel Aviv)
- BA, University of the Philippines
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