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Vector Spaces, Basis and Closest Vector

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1. Let S be a subset of R described as follows:
S {(x,y,z) :x+y+z = 0}
(a) Show that S is a vector space.
(b) Calculate a basis of S and compute it dimension.
(c) Find the vector in S which is closest to the vector (1,3, ?5) in R3.

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Vector Spaces, Basis and Closest Vector are investigated. The solution is detailed and well presented. The response received a rating of "5/5" from the student who originally posted the question.

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Proof:
(a) For any u=(x,y,z),v=(x',y',z') in S, we have
x+y+z=x'+y'+z'=0
Then u+v=(x+x',y+y',z+z') and we have
(x+x')+(y+y')+(z+z')=(x+y+z)+(x'+y'+z')=0+0=0
For any real number c, we have
...

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