Fluids and Electrolytes

Fluids and Electrolytes
1. The patient has a blood arterial gas ph of 7.48. How should the nurse intrepret this clients acid base status?
A the client has no blood hydrogen ions

B the client has a deficit in the blood hydrogen ion concentration
(The normal pH range for arterial gas pH is 7.35-7.45. Beyond 7.45, the patient is alkalemic - excess of OH- or deficiency in H+)

C the client has an excess in the blood hydrogen ion concentration

2. The client has severe respiratory impairment, what alterations in acid base balance could be expected as a compensatory response?

A decreased arterial blood ph
(because during underventilation, the CO2 level becomes high, resulting in respiratory acidosis, i.e. decrease in arterial blood pH)

B increased arterial blood bicarbonate
C Decreased arterial blood carbon dioxide

3. What acid base problem could result if a client being mechanically ventilated is ventilated at too high a rate of breaths per minute?

A acid deficit alkalosis
(hyperventilation results in low CO2 level, resulting in respiratory alkalosis, i.e. deficiency in H+ or excess in OH-)

B acid excess acidosis
C base deficit acidosis

4. What condition is likely to have resulted in the arterial blood gas values listed below. PH- 7.12 HCO3- 22meq/L, PCO2- 65mmHg, PO2- 56mmHg

A. complete tracheal obstruction suffered as a result of aspirating a hot dog
(When there is tracheal obstruction, the patient will underventilate (difficulty in breathing). Hence, the patient's O2 level (56 mmHg) falls below normal (80-100 mmHg). As a consequence of underventialtion, the level of CO2 (65 mmHg) becomes higher than normal (35-45 mmHg). The condition gives rise to respiratory acidosis as indicated by the low HCO3- level. Hence, pH of patient's arterial blood gas is 7.12 (below normal, so acidic).

B. anxiety-induced hyperventilation
C. diarrhea for 36 hours

5. Which acid base problem is most likely to develop in a person prescribed to take Lasix for hypertension?
A. acid excess respiratory acidosis
B. acid deficit respiratory alkalosos

C. acid deficit metabolic alkalosis
(Lasix is a diuretic. Adverse effect in taking the drug includes metabolic alkalosis due to hypochloremia and hypokalemia)

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