The Lead concentrations in water

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The Lead concentrations in water
Posting hi im in dire need of help with a reaserch project asap

My hypothese is

The lead concentrations in water travelling through lead pipes is greater when the taps are first opened than after they have ran for some time

My problem is
1. when can i expect the concentrations to lower so i can be more specific in my hypothese i would like to write somthing along the lines of
The lead concentrations in water travelling through lead pipes is greater when the taps are first opened than after they have ran for five minutes
And give a good scientific reason for the time specified
2. I need a scientific method to test this hypotheses
and a structured guide line for the write up
3. I also need to relate the whole investigation to health issues
4. as you can tell i need lots of facts and figures to relate my findings to

Hi Emma,
As you know, I can't write this for you, but I have provided an outline and some very excellent websites as articles that can help you. This also involves some physics. As you will see, this problem was known in the 19th century:
1. Lead Water Pipes and Infant Mortality in Turn-of-the-Century Massachusetts
... In 1897, about half of all American municipalities used lead water pipes. Using data from 1900 Massachusetts, this ...
ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/9549.html
This paper considers a largely unknown public-health practice in the United States: the use of lead pipes to distribute household tap water. Municipalities first installed lead pipes during the late nineteenth century. In 1897, about half of all American municipalities used lead water pipes. Using data from 1900 Massachusetts, this paper compares infant death rates and stillbirth rates in cities that used lead water pipes to rates in cities that used non-lead pipes. In the average town in 1900, the use of lead pipes increased infant mortality and stillbirth rates by 25 to 50 percent. However, the effects of lead water lines varied across cities, and depended on the age of the pipe and the corrosiveness of the associated water supplies. Age of pipe influenced lead content because, over time, oxidation formed a protective coating on the interior of pipes. As for corrosiveness, acidic water removed more lead from the interior of pipes than did non-acidic water. Consequently, infant death rates and stillbirth rates in Massachusetts towns employing old lead lines, and non-acidic water supplies, were no higher than in towns employing non-lead pipes. But in cities using new pipes and distributing acidic water, lead pipes increased infant mortality rates and stillbirth rates three- to fourfold.

So, there has been concern for well over a hundred years about the neurological effects of lead poisoning. This particular article is very thorough and enlightening. It answering all three of your questions: why lead is higher before pipes are run, how to test for lead, as well as the health issues. Be sure when you use any of this material that you give proper credit through references cited.

I have provided an outline after this article and further references you can find for your report after that.

Good Luck,

NEMM

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