The Amazon Rainforest and Variety and Wildlife

A paragraph has this topic sentence: "The Amazon rainforest is home to the richest variety of wildlife on Earth." Of the following details, the only one that would not belong in this paragraph is:
a. Many unusual animal species, such as the emerald tree boa and the jaguar, can be found in the Amazon rainforest.
b. Rainforest birds often have short wings that allow them to fly through the trees.
c. One of the largest marshland areas is the Everglades in Florida.
d. Piranhas and harpy eagles are two of the most lethal inhabitants of the Amazon rainforest.

Of the following statements, the only one that is a fact is:
a. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is the greatest composer of all time.
b. Tchaikovsky's ballet The Nutcracker is fun for audiences of all ages.
c. George Gershwin was the American composer who wrote Rhapsody in Blue and Porgy and Bess.
d. The Beatles' music sounds as good today as it did when it was first written.

The statement, "I ate so much cake that I thought I'd explode," is an example of _____.
a. an allusion
b. jargon
c. hyperbole
d. a euphemism

The purpose of a table is to _____.
a. classify information so that comparisons can be made between or among data
b. depict relationships between two or more sets of information
c. show the relative size or importance of various parts of a whole
d. suggest a cause-and-effect relationship between two or more variables

The purpose of a search strategy is to enable you to _____.
a. gather all of the sources on a topic and work through them randomly
b. conduct online searches of all possible sources on a given subject
c. use the library's card catalog to see how your topic is subdivided
d. approach your topic and the most suitable sources in a logical manner

All of the following are effective strategies for studying a process except _____.
a. drawing diagrams or maps
b. copying the process description directly from the textbook
c. describing the process aloud in a non technical way
d. reading the process description at least twice

In order to use visualization most effectively, you should _____.
a. make your mental image as specific and detailed as possible
b. create a mental image before you read the material
c. write down what you visualize
d. memorize the textbook illustration after you read the material

Your last step in scanning should be to _____.
a. form specific questions you need to answer
b. identify the titles, keys, or legends of graphics
c. search for clue words or phrases
d. confirm your answers to the questions you formed

The phrase "learning style" refers to the _____.
a. mental ability and capacity of a person
b. speed with which a person can grasp information
c. methods a person uses best in acquiring information
d. amount of information a person remembers

A paragraph has this topic sentence: "One unwelcome result of the increase in
sexual activity is a high incidence in teen pregnancies." Of the following details, the only one that would not belong in this paragraph is:
a. An epidemic of teenage pregnancies has captured national attention.
b. Teenage boys are traditionally unable to assume financial responsibility.
c. About 30 percent of all teenage girls become pregnant once.
d. Nearly one million teenagers become pregnant every year.

Your reading rate should be slowest when your purpose for reading is _____.
a. entertainment
b. criticism
c. overview of material
d. location of main ideas

A thesaurus is the best place to look for a word's _____.
a. origin
b. synonyms
c. pronunciation
d. abbreviations

Of the following essay titles, the one that is most likely intended to inform rather
than persuade is _____.
a. "Testing Cosmetics on Animals is Wrong"
b. "The Evolution of the National Park System"
c. "The Importance of Investing with Your Conscience"
d. "Learning to Live with a Salt-Free Diet"

Before you can make inferences about written material, you must _____.
a. understand the literal meaning of the material
b. be familiar with the topic
c. be able to verify your inferences in another source
d. decide how you feel about the topic

The type of figurative language that uses like or as to make a comparison is _____.
a. a simile
b. a metaphor
c. personification
d. a euphemism

Of the following statements, the best example of a euphemism is:
a. "Geoffrey's pet goat was as dumb as a doornail."
b. "Marie worked as her uncle's Girl Friday during summer vacation."
c. "That car dealership specializes in previously owned vehicles."
d. "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse!"

The part of an argument in which opposing viewpoints are considered is called the _____.
a. issue
b. claim
c. support
d. refutation

An inductive argument states, "Acid rain has killed hundreds of high-mountain trees and destroyed all forms of life in thousands of mountain lakes. In addition, acid precipitation in city air contributes to smog." An appropriate conclusion for this argument would be:
a. "Most forests have not suffered from the effects of acid precipitation."
b. "The effects of acid precipitation are most significant in the springtime."
c. "Acid precipitation is a result of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides in the air."
d. "Acid precipitation is a threat to the environment."

In skimming, your primary goal is to _____.
a. create a detailed outline of the material
b. identify the parts of the material that contain the main ideas
c. skip over the titles of any graphics included in the material
d. memorize names, numbers, dates, and places

A table presenting total sales figures and number of employees for the ten largest U.S. corporations most likely emphasizes the thought pattern called _____.
a. definition
b. comparison and contrast
c. order or sequence
d. cause-and-effect
In order to interpret the symbols and color codes used on a map, you would look at its _____.
a. caption
b. distance scale
c. legend or key
d. axis

The best type of search tool to use when you are looking for a specific or obscure
topic is a _____.
a. subject directory
b. search engine
c. meta-search engine
d. uniform resource locator (URL)

Links are intended to provide _____.
a. more detailed information on topics introduced on a site's homepage
b. a general overview of how a site is organized
c. a record of searches that others have conducted on a site
d. a forum for users to discuss topics related to a site

To highlight textbook material effectively, you should do all of the following except _____.
a. preview the assignment
b. read first, then highlight
c. highlight what you already know
d. use a consistent system

Of the following examples, a time line would be most appropriate for showing _____.
a. how to create a Web site
b. the parts and functions of the endocrine system
c. the process of internal combustion
d. the events leading up to the Declaration of Independence
A search strategy typically moves from _____.
a. current to historical
b. detail to concept
c. unknown to known
d. general to specific

Skimming is appropriate for all of the following situations except _____.
a. sampling an extensive reading list
b. reviewing a book you have already read
c. reading complicated or unfamiliar material
d. looking through reference books for additional information on a topic

In business courses, the term model most often means _____.
a. miniature
b. plan or representation
c. package
d. sample

Of the following book headings, you would expect to find an organizational
chart included under _____.
a. "Strategy and Structure in Sears, Roebuck"
b. "The Path-Goal Theory"
c. "What is Technology?"
d. "Measurement and Change"

A scientific mindset is best exemplified by someone who _____.
a. studies diligently
b. asks questions while reading
c. has a strong mathematics background
d. learns terminology easily

When you use visualization to learn a process or procedure, it is most important to _____.
a. write down what you visualize
b. create a mental image before you read the material
c. make your mental image as specific and detailed as possible
d. memorize the textbook illustration after you read the material

When reading equipment manuals, it is best to _____.
a. read the manual completely from start to finish
b. use the equipment, checking the manual as necessary
c. make notes on procedures, then apply them using the equipment
d. work with the manual and the equipment simultaneously

Pesticides, of course, are products that kill pests. But biologically, the term pest has no meaning. The Colorado potato beetle, for example, was never regarded as a pest until it made its way (carried by humans) to Europe, where it began to interfere seriously with potato production. Perhaps this episode best illustrates a definition of a pest: it is something that interferes with humans. -Wallace, Biology: The World of Life, 6e, pp. 828-29

The topic of this paragraph is _____.
a. pests
b. pesticides
c. potato beetles
d. potato production

Pesticides, of course, are products that kill pests. But biologically, the term pest has no meaning. The Colorado potato beetle, for example, was never regarded as a pest until it made its way (carried by humans) to Europe, where it began to interfere seriously with potato production. Perhaps this episode best illustrates a definition of a pest: it is something that interferes with humans. -Wallace, Biology: The World of Life, 6e, pp. 828-29

In this paragraph, the topic sentence begins with the word _____.
a. "Pesticides . . ."
b. "But . . ."
c. "The . . ."
d. "Perhaps . . ."

Although beauty is only skin deep, throughout history women have worked very hard to attain it. They have starved themselves, painfully bound their feet, inserted plates into their lips, spent countless hours under hair dryers, in front of mirrors, and beneath tanning lights, and opted for surgery to alter their appearance and meet their society's expectations of what a beautiful woman should look like. -adapted from Solomon, Consumer Behavior, 5e, pp. 147-49

In the paragraph, the phrase "beauty is only skin deep" is an example of _____.
a. personification
b. hyperbole
c. a generalization
d. a cliché

Video games should be rated according to a system similar to the one used for rating movies. For example, games that are appropriate for all ("general") audiences would be rated "G," and games with violent or sexual content would be rated "R" for "restricted." Too many children have easy access to video games that teach violence as an acceptable response. Some argue that children do not learn violent behavior from playing games; however, in several recent acts of violence committed by children against classmates, one factor cited in each case was the child's preoccupation with violent video games. In addition, it is my observation that children who are allowed to play violent video games tend to exhibit more violent behavior (hitting, shoving, kicking, etc.) in social situations, including the classroom. Most parents (and the management of most theaters) do not allow children under 17 to watch films rated "R" for violent content, so why should children of any age be allowed to rent and play video games that feature an equally appalling degree of violence?

The types of evidence used to support this argument include all of the following except _____.
a. statistics
b. personal experience
c. examples
d. comparisons

Identify the logical fallacy in the following statement.
"My new academic advisor was a Rhodes scholar so she will be a good advisor."
a. circular reasoning
b. hasty generalization
c. non sequitur
d. either-or fallacy

Based on the graph from the U.S. Bureau of the Census (1990), the occupation employing the largest percentage of women is _____.

a. managerial, professional, specialty
b. service
c. technical, sales, administrative support
d. operators, fabricators, laborers

The client/server software model is the basic design for all Internet applications and it all comes down to a simple idea. Host machines can act as either clients or servers, and client/server interactions enable all communication on the Internet. Roughly speaking, a host acting as a client is usually an information consumer, and a host acting as a server is usually an information provider. The server acts as a resource for all its clients and provides a service for those clients. It typically interacts with multiple clients at one time. In a client/server interaction, client software interacts with server software so that both the client's host machine and the server's host machine share the total computing load. Clients and servers are designed to form a seamless computing environment so that the end user may have no idea exactly which machine is performing which operations. The client/server model is a very powerful framework for sharing computational resources over a computer network. Popular servers require dedicated machines that are reserved exclusively for server interactions. -Lehnert, Light on the Internet, pp. 10-12

The best type of graphic to depict the model described in this excerpt would be _____.
a. an organization chart
b. a diagram
c. a flowchart
d. a timeline

In flowering plants, the structure specific to reproduction is the flower. The flower's reproductive organs are the stamens and carpel. The stamens are the male organs. At the tip of each stamen is an anther, a sac in which meiosis occurs and which pollen grains develop. Pollen grains house the cells that develop into sperm. The carpel (more than one in some plants) is the female organ of the flower. The tip of the carpel, the stigma, is the receiving surface for pollen grains brought from other flowers, or from the same flower, by wind or animals. The base of the carpel is the ovary, which houses reproductive structures called the ovules. The ovule contains the developing egg and cells that support it. Fertilization occurs in the ovule, which then matures into a seed containing the embryo. Meanwhile, the ovary develops into a fruit, which protects the seed and aids in dispersing it. Completing the life cycle, the seed germinates (begins to grow) in a suitable habitat, the embryo develops into a seedling, and the seedling grows into a mature plant. -Campbell et al., Biology: Concepts and Connections, 3e, p. 632

The primary thought pattern used in this excerpt is _____.
a. process
b. comparison and contrast
c. problem/solution
d. classification

APA in-text citations have the form (year, name).
a. True
b. False

When paraphrasing, you can leave a short phrase of only three or four words unchanged without using quotation marks.
a. True
b. False

A case study _____.
a. analyzes survey data
b. looks at only one variable
c. is a real world scenario
d. results in one correct answer

Jones e-Global Library includes links to information for all of the following except _____.
a. Government Resources
b. Career Development
c. General References
d. Music History

In looking at an Internet site for use as a credible source, you find: http://www.um.edu/~smith/ecology.
a. Is likely to be reputable since it is from a university (edu in URL)
b. Is likely to reputable since it includes a keyword (ecology)
c. Is not likely to be credible since it is a personal page (~smith)
d. It can not be determined from looking at the URL

If you summarize a chart, table or graph in your paper, you do not need to cite it.
a. True
b. False

Building your concentration is a process that includes all of the following parts
except _____.
a. eliminating distractions
b. increasing your reading time
c. focusing your attention
d. assessing your concentration

The best guide question for an article titled "U.S. Voter Turnout: Among the Lowest in the World" would be:
a. What country has the highest voter turnout rate?
b. What country has the lowest voter turnout rate?
c. How many Americans voted in the last presidential election?
d. Why is voter turnout so low in the U.S.?

One way to tell primary details from secondary details is that primary details _____.
a. directly explain the main idea
b. provide additional information or explanation
c. offer examples and statistics
d. are less important

For an article entitled, "Learning While Earning: How to Balance the Demands of Work and School," the intended audience most likely is _____.
a. students with jobs
b. parents of young children
c. professional athletes
d. retirees

A generalization can be defined as a _____.
a. principle or idea that the writer accepts as true and makes no effort to prove
b. comparison between two unlike things that share a common characteristic
c. statement expressing feelings, attitudes, or beliefs that are neither true nor false
d. statement about a whole group based on information about part of the group

An argument that relies mostly on emotional appeals is supported primarily by _____.
a. general statements explaining why a viewpoint should be accepted
b. facts and statistics that prove a claim
c. ideas targeted toward needs or values that readers are likely to care about
d. comparisons and examples demonstrating the validity of a claim

During a political debate, one candidate criticized another by saying, "How would
he know how the 'little guy' feels about taxes? He comes from a long line of
bluebloods!" This kind of argument is known as _____.
a. false authority
b. association
c. ad hominem
d. crowd appeal

Ron created a linear graph to show the relationship between years of education and frequency of traffic citations. His graph showed an inverse relationship between the two variables, meaning that as years of education increase, the frequency of traffic citations _____.
a. also increases
b. decreases
c. remains the same
d. is unaffected

A Web site whose purpose is to promote a particular cause or point of view that
may be controversial would most likely have an address ending in _____.
a. org
b. edu
c. biz
d. gov

The process of drawing a diagram to show how a topic and its related ideas are
connected is called _____.
a. brainstorming
b. association
c. mapping
d. elaboration

In a section on markets in an economics book, the authors have included a
report that describes an Iowa farmer's unique business strategies for dealing with
fluctuating markets. This report is most likely an example of _____.
a. a case study
b. a model
c. an organizational chart
d. a flowchart

Narratives are stories, and they are often useful as supporting materials in a speech. Narratives give the audience what it wants: a good story. Listeners seem to perk up automatically when a story is told. If the narrative is a personal one, it will likely increase your credibility and show you as a real person. Listeners like to know about speakers, and the personal narrative meets this desire. Notice how you remember the stories noted personalities tell in interviews. -DeVito, The Elements of Public Speaking, 7e, p. 164

The topic of the paragraph is _____.
a. narratives
b. supporting materials
c. credibility
d. interviews

The main value of narration is that it allows you to bring an abstract concept down to specifics. For example, to illustrate friendship and love, you might recount the mythical story of Damon and Pythias. After being sentenced to death for speaking out against the government by the tyrant Dionysius, Pythias asked to be allowed to return home to put his affairs in order. His friend, Damon, volunteered to remain in his place. If Pythias did not return, Damon would be executed. At the appointed time, Pythias did not return. Without animosity toward his friend, Damon prepared for his own execution. But, before the sentence could be carried out, Pythias returned, apologized for his unavoidable delay, and asked that his friend be set free. So impressed was Dionysius by this friendship that he pardoned Pythias and asked if he could join the two of them in this extraordinary friendship. This brief story illustrates friendship and love in a way that a definition could never do. -DeVito, The Elements of Public Speaking, 7e, p. 164

The topic of the paragraph is _____.
a. abstract concepts
b. friendship and love
c. the main value of narration
d. the mythical story of Dionysius and Pythias

Narratives are stories, and they are often useful as supporting materials in a speech. Narratives give the audience what it wants: a good story. Listeners seem to perk up automatically when a story is told. If the narrative is a personal one, it will likely increase your credibility and show you as a real person. Listeners like to know about speakers, and the personal narrative meets this desire. Notice how you remember the stories noted personalities tell in interviews.

The main value of narration is that it allows you to bring an abstract concept down to specifics. For example, to illustrate friendship and love, you might recount the mythical story of Damon and Pythias. After being sentenced to death for speaking out against the government by the tyrant Dionysius, Pythias asked to be allowed to return home to put his affairs in order. His friend, Damon, volunteered to remain in his place. If Pythias did not return, Damon would be executed. At the appointed time, Pythias did not return. Without animosity toward his friend, Damon prepared for his own execution. But, before the sentence could be carried out, Pythias returned, apologized for his unavoidable delay, and asked that his friend be set free. So impressed was Dionysius by this friendship that he pardoned Pythias and asked if he could join the two of them in this extraordinary friendship. This brief story illustrates friendship and love in a way that a definition could never do. -DeVito, The Elements of Public Speaking, 7e, p. 164

In speeches, narratives are intended to accomplish all of the following except _____.
a. capture the audience's attention
b. increase the speaker's credibility
c. make a specific concept more abstract
d. show the speaker as a real person

The best guide questions typically begin with the word _____.
a. who
b. when
c. where
d. how

Compared to primary details in a paragraph, secondary details are _____.
a. more selective
b. more important
c. less important
d. less factual
Of the following statements in a paragraph, the one that expresses an opinion is:
a. Rupert Brooke went to Kings College, Cambridge, in 1906.
b. There he met a group of young people, most of them born during the 1880s into the educated professional class.
c. They read G. E. Moore for ideas about ethics, Sidney and Beatrice Webb on
politics, and Roger Fry and E. M. Forster on what art and literature should be.
d. These privileged young intellectuals seemed to have been rebelling against the nineteenth century and Victorianism.

A word that describes a person who is intelligent but has a negative connotation is _____.
a. smart
b. bright
c. egghead
d. wise

Ideas targeted toward needs or values that readers are likely to care about are a type of support known as _____.
a. reasons
b. evidence
c. facts and statistics
d. emotional appeals

Of the following topics, the one most likely to be organized using the chronological order pattern is _____.
a. "Variables Affecting Group Behavior"
b. "The Development of Humor in Children"
c. "Three Theories of Personality Disorder"
d. "Intimacy and Isolation within the Family Structure"

A bar graph is often used to _____.
a. make comparisons between quantities or amounts
b. show the relationship of parts to the whole
c. describe the steps in a process or sequence
d. classify the variables from several sources

The sponsor of a Web site is the person or organization who _____.
a. designed the site
b. provided the links to related sites
c. wrote the material included on the site
d. paid for the site to be created and placed on the Web

The thought pattern used in a part and function diagram is _____.
a. classification
b. order or sequence
c. comparison and contrast
d. enumeration

Of the following types of information, scanning is least effective for identifying _____.
a. particular facts
b. specific dates
c. main ideas
d. statistics

Of the following examples from the Acme Company, a case study would be used
most appropriately to _____.
a. show the general organization of Acme
b. list steps in the order fulfillment process at Acme
c. show Acme's levels of responsibility from the top down
d. illustrate Acme's emphasis on social responsibility by describing its company-wide recycling program

The first step in solving a homework problem in the physical sciences should be to _____.
a. state the principle that is related to the problem
b. estimate the solution
c. identify what information is given and what is asked for
d. make a drawing of the problem

It seems that the greatest pesticidal efforts have been directed at insects and, clearly, much of it has been beneficial. The heavy application of DDT since World War II has caused sharp decreases in malaria and yellow fever in certain areas of the world. But DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons have continued to be spread indiscriminately any place in which insect pests are found. The result, of course, is a kind of-is it artificial or natural?-selection. The problem is that some insects had a bit more resistance to these chemicals than did others. These resistant ones then reproduced and the most resistant of their offspring continued the line. The result is that we now have insects that can almost bathe in these chemicals without harm. _Wallace, Biology: The World of Life, 6e, pp. 828-29

The topic of the paragraph is_____.
a. World War II
b. chemical-resistant insects
c. DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons
d. malaria and yellow fever

It seems that the greatest pesticidal efforts have been directed at insects and, clearly, much of it has been beneficial. The heavy application of DDT since World War II has caused sharp decreases in malaria and yellow fever in certain areas of the world. But DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons have continued to be spread indiscriminately any place in which insect pests are found. The result, of course, is a kind of-is it artificial or natural?-selection. The problem is that some insects had a bit more resistance to these chemicals than did others. These resistant ones then reproduced and the most resistant of their offspring continued the line. The result is that we now have insects that can almost bathe in these chemicals without harm. _Wallace, Biology: The World of Life, 6e, pp. 828-29

The main idea of the paragraph is that _____.
a. DDT continues to spread wherever insects are found
b. most pesticides have been beneficial
c. some insects have become immune to DDT
d. only chemical-resistant insects continue to reproduce

In retrospect, periods of history tend to be characterized by a specific "look," or ideal of beauty. American history can be described in terms of a succession of dominant ideals. For example, in sharp contrast to today's emphasis on health and vigor, in the early 1800s it was fashionable to appear delicate to the point of looking ill. The poet Keats said the ideal woman of that time was "a milk white lamb that bleats for man's protection." Other looks have included the voluptuous, lusty woman as epitomized by Lillian Russell, the athletic Gibson Girl of the 1890s, and the small, boyish flapper of the 1920s as exemplified by Clara Bow. -adapted from Solomon, Consumer Behavior, 5e, pp. 147-49

The quote by the poet Keats in the paragraph is an example of _____.
a. an allusion
b. a cliché
c. a metaphor
d. a euphemism

Video games should be rated according to a system similar to the one used for rating movies. For example, games that are appropriate for all ("general") audiences would be rated "G," and games with violent or sexual content would be rated "R" for "restricted." Too many children have easy access to video games that teach violence as an acceptable response. Some argue that children do not learn violent behavior from playing games; however, in several recent acts of violence committed by children against classmates, one factor cited in each case was the child's preoccupation with violent video games. In addition, it is my observation that children who are allowed to play violent video games tend to exhibit more violent behavior (hitting, shoving, kicking, etc.) in social situations, including the classroom. Most parents (and the management of most theaters) do not allow children under 17 to watch films rated "R" for violent content, so why should children of any age be allowed to rent and play video games that feature an equally appalling degree of violence?

One example of emotionally charged language in this argument is the word _____.
a. video
b. preoccupation
c. appalling
d. allow

Three of the most common visual problems are nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. All three are focusing problems, easily corrected with artificial lenses. Nearsighted people cannot focus well on distant objects, although they can see well at short distances. Farsighted people see distant objects normally, but they can't focus at short distances. Astigmatism is blurred vision caused by a misshapen lens or cornea. -Campbell, Mitchell, and Reece, Biology, 3e, p.592

The primary thought pattern used in this excerpt is _____.
a. process
b. cause and effect
c. classification
d. comparison and contrast

Three of the most common visual problems are nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. All three are focusing problems, easily corrected with artificial lenses. Nearsighted people cannot focus well on distant objects, although they can see well at short distances. Farsighted people see distant objects normally, but they can't focus at short distances. Astigmatism is blurred vision caused by a misshapen lens or cornea. -Campbell, Mitchell, and Reece, Biology, 3e, p.592

The clue phrase that helps identify the pattern used in this excerpt is _____.
a. "Three of the . . ."
b. ". . . easily corrected with . . ."
c. ". . . on distant objects . . ."
d. ". . . caused by . . ."

The largest difference in median income is between the educational levels of _____.

a. less than 9th grade and 1-3 years of high school
b. 1-3 years of high school and finished high school
c. finished high school and 1-3 years of college
d. 1-3 years of college and finished college

The client/server software model is the basic design for all Internet applications and it all comes down to a simple idea. Host machines can act as either clients or servers, and client/server interactions enable all communication on the Internet. Roughly speaking, a host acting as a client is usually an information consumer, and a host acting as a server is usually an information provider. The server acts as a resource for all its clients and provides a service for those clients. It typically interacts with multiple clients at one time. In a client/server interaction, client software interacts with server software so that both the client's host machine and the server's host machine share the total computing load. Clients and servers are designed to form a seamless computing environment so that the end user may have no idea exactly which machine is performing which operations. The client/server model is a very powerful framework for sharing computational resources over a computer network. Popular servers require dedicated machines that are reserved exclusively for server interactions. -Lehnert, Light on the Internet, pp. 10-12

The primary thought pattern used in this excerpt is _____.
a. classification
b. enumeration
c. process
d. cause and effect

Which of the following is the correct APA bibliography reference for a Television Broadcast?
a. Williams, Gareth. (Director & Producer). (2004, May 29). Curses of Ancient Egypt [Television Series Episode]. In Riddles & Rituals. [With David Soul]. US: National Geographic Channel.
b. "Curses of Ancient Egypt." Riddles & Rituals. Dir. Gareth Williams. Perf. David Soul. National Geographic Channel. 29 May 2004.
c. "Curses of Ancient Egypt." Riddles & Rituals. (May 29, 2004). Dir. Gareth Williams. Perf. David Soul. National Geographic Channel.
d. Williams, G. (Director & Producer). (2004, May 29). Curses of Ancient Egypt [Television Series Episode]. In Riddles & Rituals. [With David Soul]. US: National Geographic Channel.

Boeing Corporation, headquartered in Seattle, is one of America's most innovative high-tech industries. Boeing accounts for almost 70 percent of world sales of passenger aircraft. Most of the world's airline passengers fly in Boeing 737s, 757s, and 747s. Although passenger aircraft sales tend to be cyclical, Boeing consistently earned substantial profits in the past two decades until recording losses in 1997 and 1998. Even more surprising is that these losses came when Boeing order books were full!

Boeing's declining profits in the face of rising sales is attributed to the law of diminishing returns. Boeing planners had predicted in the early 1990s that the world demand for passenger aircraft would taper off. Accordingly, it placed a large number of its experienced engineers and assembly-line workers on early retirement, and it chose not to build new production facilities. When demand for its product soared unexpectedly in the late 1990s, Boeing was caught off guard. It could only increase production by adding less-than-experienced workers; its parts delivery systems began to break down; and average costs of production rose. Production problems even forced Boeing to shut down a major production facility for a month to gear it to a higher rate of output.

Boeing's rising short-run average costs are explained by the law of diminishing returns. The law of diminishing returns applies to any situation-industrial, agricultural, or even services-in which production must increase substantially in the presence of fixed factors of production. -Gregory, Essentials of Economics, 4e, p. 76

The concept that is illustrated by this case study is _____.
a. the law of diminishing returns
b. cyclical sales
c. long-run average costs
d. profit-loss margins

Boeing Corporation, headquartered in Seattle, is one of America's most innovative high-tech industries. Boeing accounts for almost 70 percent of world sales of passenger aircraft. Most of the world's airline passengers fly in Boeing 737s, 757s, and 747s. Although passenger aircraft sales tend to be cyclical, Boeing consistently earned substantial profits in the past two decades until recording losses in 1997 and 1998. Even more surprising is that these losses came when Boeing order books were full!

Boeing's declining profits in the face of rising sales is attributed to the law of diminishing returns. Boeing planners had predicted in the early 1990s that the world demand for passenger aircraft would taper off. Accordingly, it placed a large number of its experienced engineers and assembly-line workers on early retirement, and it chose not to build new production facilities. When demand for its product soared unexpectedly in the late 1990s, Boeing was caught off guard. It could only increase production by adding less-than-experienced workers; its parts delivery systems began to break down; and average costs of production rose. Production problems even forced Boeing to shut down a major production facility for a month to gear it to a higher rate of output.

Boeing's rising short-run average costs are explained by the law of diminishing returns. The law of diminishing returns applies to any situation-industrial, agricultural, or even services-in which production must increase substantially in the presence of fixed factors of production. -Gregory, Essentials of Economics, 4e, p. 76

According to the case study, Boeing was caught off guard when _____.
a. a large number of its experienced engineers unexpectedly retired
b. the world demand for passenger aircraft tapered off
c. one of its major production facilities had to be shut down
d. the world demand for passenger aircraft unexpectedly increased

Kilobytes (K)-equal to 1,024 bytes--are used to describe text files and small low resolution graphics files. Megabytes (MB)-equal to about one million bytes-are frequently used to describe RAM memory and disk storage capacities. Personal computers typically contain between 16 and 64MB of RAM. A small hard drive might contain only a few hundred megabytes, but a large hard drive will contain at least one gigabyte (GB)-equal to about one billion bytes. The terabyte (TB)-equal to about one trillion bytes-is the largest unit of memory you are likely to encounter. Terabytes are used to describe the contents of the Library of Congress, as well as the total amount of information on the Web. -Lehnert, Light on the Internet, pp. 7-9

The primary thought pattern used in the paragraph is _____.
a. enumeration
b. comparison and contrast
c. sequence or order
d. cause and effect

In flowering plants, the structure specific to reproduction is the flower. The flower's reproductive organs are the stamens and carpel. The stamens are the male organs. At the tip of each stamen is an anther, a sac in which meiosis occurs and which pollen grains develop. Pollen grains house the cells that develop into sperm. The carpel (more than one in some plants) is the female organ of the flower. The tip of the carpel, the stigma, is the receiving surface for pollen grains brought from other flowers, or from the same flower, by wind or animals. The base of the carpel is the ovary, which houses reproductive structures called the ovules. The ovule contains the developing egg and cells that support it. Fertilization occurs in the ovule, which then matures into a seed containing the embryo. Meanwhile, the ovary develops into a fruit, which protects the seed and aids in dispersing it. Completing the life cycle, the seed germinates (begins to grow) in a suitable habitat, the embryo develops into a seedling, and the seedling grows into a mature plant. -Campbell et al., Biology: Concepts and Connections, 3e, p. 632

According to the excerpt, pollen develops in the _____.
a. anthers
b. ovules
c. carpels
d. ovaries