Deductive Reasoning

Address the following arguments in a 400 or more word response:

- Why is it important to understand what is known prior to making a decision?
- What is the role of deductive reasoning in the decision making process?
- How does the process of deductive reasoning aid in understanding an argument?

Argument 1

Trainer or Cleaner

John is the owner of a gym with approximately five trainers on his payroll. Only a few of those trainers are considered full-time employees. Chris, one of these full-time personal trainers, is well liked by his clients and he consistently has a full schedule. Between clients and even before this gym opens, Chris tries to make sure the gym is clean. He washes down equipment, cleans bathrooms, and ensures the general appearance of magazine baskets looks good. As a full-time trainer; however, Chris has his hands full and after months of pitching in and working to keep the gym clean, he's frustrated. He discovers his boss, John, no longer cleans because he assumes Chris will. Chris feels taken advantage of and wants John to recognize his role as a trainer first. He also wants John to consider the extra work cleaning involves. He is arguing for a raise or at least, special compensation for the cleaning should he continue it. For now, though, he is "on strike" from cleaning. He presents his findings to John who is not yet ready to compromise.

Argument 2

Buying a Car

Mark and Sally are a young, married couple considering the purchase of a new car. Mark feels his 10-year-old, four-door sedan is still working fine and there is no need to spend more money. Sally, who is 5 months pregnant, believes that the couple should invest in something newer and safer for their future children. Sally argues that the new car will be an investment for the future. Mark agrees to look but wants Sally to agree to lease a car first. Sally wants to invest in the future and argues that the long-term cost of a new vehicle will be less than leasing. She also argues that a lease will keep the couple from selling the vehicle should it not meet the family's needs. Based on these factors, Sally wants to purchase a nice roomy van with automatic doors and extra safety features. Mark; however, eyes a new jeep that would accommodate a baby without giving up his young, carefree style. Though Mark is anxious to have the car of his dreams, he also knows that money is a factor. Mark and Sally have much to discuss to ensure they make the right purchase. Consider the factors that will help them make a decision as you address the questions in the assignment.

Argument 3

Buying a Home Versus Renting an Apartment

In today's economy, the risk of home ownership can be considered too much for the average buyer; however, several reasons exist to choose a home over a rental. First, homeowners are allowed to deduct mortgage interest from their income taxes. A future sale of the house can also result in capital gains. Then, because interest rates are at, what is often labeled, an historic low, buyers can borrow money at a lower cost. This also leads to a lower money payment.

Aside from the financial advantages, buying a home can lead to freedom from the rules that plague apartment renters. Decorating a house, landscaping the lawn, and making changes are all possibilities. Privacy is also a factor, as homeowners do not have to worry about sharing common space with neighbors. Finally, the purchase of a home leads to a feeling of permanence. Homeowners do not need to worry about rental agreements or lease issues.