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Networking and Telecommunications

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Use short answers to explain the difference between:
· Synchronous and asynchronous
· Analog and digital
· XON and XOFF
· Simplex and duplex
· Serial and parallel transmission
· Baseband and broadband
· Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
· Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
· Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP)

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Solution Summary

This solution defines the terms attached related to networking and telecommunications.

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Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmission

Asynchronous transmission: This type of data transmission is needed when the sender side wishes to send the data at irregular intervals. In case of asynchronous data transmissions, the sender can transmit only 1 character at a point of time, and the data that is sent will in most cases start and end with special start and stop/end bits, so that the receiver can identify the start and the ending of character. As, there is so much overhead involved in the asynchronous transmissions it is generally used when low data transfer rates are not a problem. It is used mainly with Serial Ports and dialup.

Synchronous transmission: This type of data transmission is used when the data is sent regularly and at frequent intervals. In case of synchronous data transmissions, the packets of data are sent at a particular point of time. In this case each packet is preceded by a start frame which tells the receiver that new packet of data has arrived and subsequently synchronizes the receiver's clock. To indicate the arrival of a packet, we have a start frame, in the same way, we have an end frame to indicate the end of the packet or the transmission. The start and end frames can be maximum of 2 bytes each. It is an efficient and reliable means of transmitting data when we compare the synchronous and asynchronous data transmission techniques. Therefore, it is used at places where higher-communication transfer rate is required.

Analog and Digital Signals

Analog signals use continuously variable electric currents and voltages to reproduce data being transmitted. Since data is sent using variable currents in an analog system, it is very difficult to remove noise and wave distortions during the transmission. For this reason, analog signals cannot perform high-quality data transmission. The analog signals can take all the values between the highest and lowest point and the same we can see from the below figure. The analog signal loses some of the information before they are received by the receiver due to the effects of noise and other factors.

(See attached for figure)

Digital signals use binary data strings (0 and 1) to reproduce data being transmitted. Noise and distortions have little effect, making high-quality data transmission ...

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