Standard and Physiological Free Energy Change Observed in heart Muscles

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This frequently causes trouble for introductory biochemistry students -- including me when I began learning biochemistry in the early 1980's. But it's really not that complicated once you get your head around it. And, it doesn't matter whether we're talking about heart cells, adipocytes, neurons, or whatever -- the concept remains the same. Also, it doesn't matter if we're talking about reactions in glycolysis or the Krebs cycle, or whatever, the concept still remains the same.

A standard free energy change is one which occurs when the reaction is ...