Genetics, Microbiology, and Cell Biology

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Multiple Choices: 1 point each (36 points total). Choose the single best answer for each of the following questions:

1. The accomplishments of Robert Koch include all the following except:
A. development of the rabies vaccine.
B. isolation of the tubercle bacillus.
C. isolation of the cholera bacillus.
D. proof of the germ theory of disease.

2. Pasteur's observations that protozoa were related to the silkworm disease strengthened his belief in the
A. germ theory of disease.
B. theory of spontaneous generation.
C. cell theory of animals and plants.
D. none of these.

3. During the Golden Age of Microbiology, mosquitoes and rat fleas were related to the transmission of
A. cholera, diphtheria and plague.
B. malaria, anthrax and tuberculosis.
C. plague, malaria and influenza.
D. syphilis, tetanus and diphtheria.
E. malaria, yellow fever and plague.

4. Robert Koch's postulates were set down to establish
A. a firm foundation for the germ theory of disease.
B. that spontaneous generation does not occur in nature.
C. that viruses are much smaller than bacteria.
D. that all living things are composed of cells.
E. the fact that DNA is the genetic information in all cells.

5. Spontaneous generation suggests that life can be formed from
A. preexisting life.
B. lifeless substances.
C. bacteria.
D. sperm and egg.

6. Anton van Leeuwenhoek is considered one of the first persons to describe
A. brain cells.
B. the development of the chick embryo.
C. bacteria.
D. the breathing system of insects.

7. Viruses consist essentially of
A. a mass of cellular cytoplasm with no membrane.
B. a chlorophyll-containing chloroplast surrounded by a cell wall.
C. a cell membrane enclosing a mass of carbohydrate.
D. a piece of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.

8. Pasteur's experiments that disproved the theory of spontaneous generation used _________ to sterilize the broth:
A. alcohol
B. soap
C. disinfectant
D. heat

9. The bacteria in Pasteur's experiments that debunked the theory of spontaneous generation were coming from:
A. the nutrients provided
B. the agar used
C. the environment
D. the heat source

10. Which of the following sequences is listed from smallest to largest in size?
A. viruses, protozoa, bacteria
B. bacteria, viruses, fungi
C. fungi, protozoa, bacteria
D. viruses, bacteria, protozoa
E. bacteria, fungi, viruses

11. The binomial system of nomenclature for microorganisms utilizes
A. the genus and species.
B. the order and species.
C. the kingdom and genus names.
D. the family and order names.
E. the order and genus names.

12. All the following are characteristics of prokaryotes except
A. prokaryotes have organelles.
B. prokaryotes have ribosomes.
C. prokaryotes have no nucleus.
D. prokaryotes are surrounded by cell walls.

13. The correct way to write the name of a bacterium using Binomial nomenclature?
A. Escherichia Coli.
B. Escherichia coli.
C. Escherichia coli.
D. escherichia coli.

14. The modern classification system recognizes five kingdoms. Each of the following is one of these kingdoms, except
A. Fungi.
B. Eukaryota
C. Monera.
D. Protista.

15. Compared to eukaryotic cells, bacteria are
A. less complex
B. smaller
C. lower in chromosome number
D. all of the above

16. Viruses
A. are larger than bacteria
B. cannot multiply without a host cell
C. can be seen without a microscope
D. none of the above

17. The peptide bond is a type of covalent bond which forms
A. in a nucleic acid molecule.
B. only if ions are present.
C. between amino acids.
D. none of these

18. Nucleic acids are polymers of:
A. sugars
B. nucleic acids
C. ammonia
D. fatty acids
E. amino acids

19. Lipids are composed of:
A. fatty acids and glycerol
B. amino acids and glycerol
C. nucleic acids and glycerol
D. fatty acids and water
E. fatty acids and sugar

20. Phospholipids are used:
A. to form the membrane of the cell
B. to make proteins
C. to replenish amino acids
D. to organize the DNA of the cell

21. The two strands of DNA are held together by:
A. hydrogen bonds
B. covalent bonds
C. ionic bonds
D. peptide bonds

22. The plasma membrane of the cell is composed of how many layers of phospholipids:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

23. All the following are components of an RNA molecule except
A. cytosine.
B. ribose.
C. thymine.
D. uracil.
E. guanine.

24. Here is a given sequence of DNA: CGTTAGA. What would be the messenger RNA sequence which is complementary this DNA?
A. CTTTAGA.
B. GCAAUCU.
C. GCUUTCT.
D. CGAAUGU.
E. CUUUCCT.

25. The production of RNA using DNA as a template is known as
A. transduction.
B. transformation.
C. translation.
D. transcription.

26. The mechanism of DNA replication was shown by Meselson & Stahl to be:
A. semiconservative.
B. conservative.
C. random.
D. Sporadic.

27. How many nucleotides does it take to code for one single amino acid?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 6

28. Which of the following is not a type of RNA encoded for by DNA?
A. messenger RNA
B. ribosomal RNA
C. transcription RNA
D. transfer RNA

29. The enzyme that synthesizes a single-stranded molecule of RNA complementary to DNA is:
A. RNA polymerase.
B. reverse transcriptase.
C. DNA ligase.
D. lysozyme.

30. Amino acids are polymerized into long chains during:
A. translation
B. replication
C. transcription
D. b and c

31. Which of the following involves codon:anticodon recognition:
A. DNA synthesis
B. protein synthesis
C. RNA synthesis
D. all of the above

32. The role of RNA polymerase
A. To synthesize a complementary strand of DNA using DNA as a template
B. To synthesize proteins by assembling amino acids together into chains
C. To synthesize a complementary strand of RNA using DNA as a template
D. To synthesize a complementary strand of RNA using RNA as a template

33. This process synthesizes a complementary copy of RNA using the enzyme RNA polymerase
A. translation
B. replication
C. transcription
D. b and c

34. The role of DNA Polymerase.
A. To synthesize a complementary strand of DNA using DNA as a template
B. To synthesize proteins by assembling amino acids together into chains
C. To synthesize a complementary strand of RNA using DNA as a template
D. To synthesize a complementary strand of RNA using RNA as a template

35. This process involves the complexing of mRNA with one or more ribosomes
A. translation
B. replication
C. transcription
D. b and c

36. The role of ribosomes:
A. To synthesize a complementary strand of DNA using DNA as a template
B. To synthesize proteins by assembling amino acids together into chains
C. To synthesize a complementary strand of RNA using DNA as a template
D. To synthesize a complementary strand of RNA using RNA as a template

Matching Section: Each question is worth 1 point. (24 points total)

Use the list of possible answers in the table below to match the word or phrase with its correct characteristic(s).

Matching Set 1: List of Possible Answers:
37. _____germ theory of disease A. van Leeuwenhoek's term
38. _____animalcules B. highly resistant bodies formed by some microbes
39. _____pasteurization C. Pasteur wrote about this idea
40. _____spores D. rapid discovery of basic principles
41. _____spontaneous generation E. life forms arise from decayed organic matter
42. _____Golden Age of Microbiology F. one infectious disease is produced by one organism

Select one of the following three choices for each of the options below:

Matching Set 2: List of Possible Answers:
43. ___Fungi A. Eukaryote
44. ___HIV B. Prokaryote
45. ___Animals C. Non-cellular
46. ___Bacteria Note: The above answers may be used more than once in this matching set.
47. ___Algae
48. ___Cells with organelles
49. ___Plants
50. ___Viruses

Match each word or phrase with its correct characteristic:

Matching Set 3: List of Possible Answers:
51. ___contains the genetic information for the cell A. fat
52. ___composed of chains of amino acids B. nucleotides
53. ___a type of lipid C. protein
54. ___subunits making up nucleic acids D. carbohydrate
55. ___includes starch and cellulose E. metabolism
56. ___sum of all biochemical processes taking place in a living cell F. nucleic acid

Match each antibiotic(s) with its function:

Matching Set 4: List of Possible Answers:
57. ___penicillin & cephlosporin A. inhibits cell wall synthesis
58. ___streptomycin & tetracycline B. inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
59. ___erythromycin & rifampin C. inhibits protein synthesis
60. ___polymyxin B D. inhibits function of cell membrane