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What is responsible for hyperpolarization?

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What is responsible for hyperpolarization in an action potential. Why is it more difficult to initiate an action potential when the membrane is hyperpolarized?

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The expert determines what is the responsibility for hyperpolarization.

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First it is important to understand when the hyperpolarization phase of the action potential is. See the attached diagram to illustrtate this. The hyperpolarizaion phase is "D" on the picture and is called the "undershoot". This is because as the cell returns to the resting potential (of about -70 mV) it actually goes too ...

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