Visual processing - muller-lyer and hollow-face Illusion

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Visual Illusions

Constructivist theories such as Gregory (1970) and Bruner (1957) have emphasized the idea of internal processes that do not stem from the stimulus input, thus arguing that perception is 'indirect.' One reason for this is that 'top down' or conceptually driven processes are dominant for perception. This may be one reason why individuals experience visual illusions.

Gregory (1972) articulated 'perception is an active process of using information to suggest and test hypotheses.' As illusions are explained in terms of 'perceptual hypotheses' the individual attempts to construe the stimulus in keeping with how it is normally seen, using cues from the environment.

This is the explanation for incorrect depth and distance perception in illusions such ...