Biology of Traits, Behaviour of Organisms, and more

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1. DeYoung, C.G. (2010). Personality neuroscience and the biology of traits.

*Key Concepts: GFP is the central concept in the new structural paradigm of personality (the Pyramidal Model of Personality, according to Musek (2017).
• The role of the semantic factors, response styles and other biases in personality

• five key traits are related to specific brain locations, brain map associated with each trait, brain default mode network, implicit rules of management, mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity, brain connectivity, etc.

• Dispositional mindfulness (DM), or the tendency to attend to present moment experience, cybernetic model, mindful personality, emotional stability, conscientious self-regulation

Experts further insist that this theory "integrates techniques from personality psychology and neuroscience to elucidate the neural basis of individual differences in cognition, emotion, motivation, and behavior" (Abram & DeYoung, 2017). Within this theoretical framework, "they identify all personality variation as "traits," I distinguish between traits and characteristic adaptations. A narrower definition of "traits" can facilitate development of a compromise between the positions of "emergence" and "correspondence" identified as potential explanations for personality covariance structure. Broad trait dimensions like the Big Five are posited to result from coherent psychological functions" (Abram & DeYoung, 2017).

*Historical context and key figures: The theory's prevalence manifested during the past decade, in particular. Corr, DeYoung, & McNaughton are associated figures. It also has strong roots to the Big 5. Recent neuroimaging studies offered evidence that different dimensions of human personality may be associated with specific structural neuroanatomic correlates. This theory "not only confirms previous functional correlates regarding the Big Five personality dimensions, but it also expands our knowledge showing the association between different personality dimensions and specific patterns of brain activation at rest" (Sampaio, Soares, Coutinho, Sousa, & Gonçalves, 2014).

It also gained popularity from the scientific community, who have focused the majority of their research on traits "as these are influenced less by culture and are therefore more amenable to study in the neuroscience arena. Arguably, the most robust approach to the study of personality is the five factor model" (Cavanna, 2013).

Accuracy:

Experts attest that studies have given more accuracy and validity to this theory, especially "during the past decade, studies have proliferated that seek brain, structural and functional correlates of personality traits proposed by different theories, especially the Big Five model of personality" (Pedrero Pérez, Ruiz Sánchez de León, & Luque, 2015). Scholars also commend this theory for recognizing how "Personality is strongly influenced by motivation systems that organise responses to rewards and punishments and that drive approach and avoidance behavior. Neuropsychological research has identified: (a) two avoidance systems, one related to pure active avoidance and escape, and one to passive avoidance and behavioral inhibition produced by goal-conflict; and (b) two approach systems, one related to the actions of reward seeking and one to experience and behavior related to pleasure on ...