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Algebra Word Problems : Maximizing Volumes, Compounding Interest and Logarithms

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1) An open-top box is to be constructed from a 6 by 8 foot rectangular cardboard by cutting out equal squares at each corner and the folding up the flaps. Let x denote the length of each side of the square to be cut out.
a) Find the function V that represents the volume of the box in terms of x.
Answer

b) Graph this function and show the graph over the valid range of the variable x.
Show Graph here

c) Using the graph, what is the value of x that will produce the maximum volume?
Answer

2) The volume of a cylinder (think about the volume of a can) is given by V = πr2h where r is the radius of the cylinder and h is the height of the cylinder. Suppose the volume of the can is 100 cubic centimeters.
a) Write h as a function of r.
Answer

b) What is the measurement of the height if the radius of the cylinder is 2 centimeters?
Answer

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c) Graph this function.
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3) The formula for calculating the amount of money returned for an initial deposit money into a bank account or CD (Certificate of Deposit) is given by

A is the amount of returned.
P is the principal amount initially deposited.
r is the annual interest rate (expressed as a decimal).
n is the compound period.
t is the number of years.

Suppose you deposit $10,000 for 2 years at a rate of 10%.
Calculate the return (A) if the bank compounds annually (n = 1).
Answer:

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Calculate the return (A) if the bank compounds quarterly (n = 4), and carry all calculations to 7 significant figures.
Answer:

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Calculate the return (A) if the bank compounds monthly (n = 12), and carry all calculations to 7 significant figures.
Answer:

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Calculate the return (A) if the bank compounds daily (n = 365), and carry all calculations to 7 significant figures.
Answer:
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What observation can you make about the increase in your return as your compounding increases more frequently?
Answer:

If a bank compounds continuously, then the formula takes a simpler, that is

where e is a constant and equals approximately 2.7183.
Calculate A with continuous compounding.
Answer:

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Now suppose, instead of knowing t, we know that the bank returned to us $15,000 with the bank compounding continuously. Using natural logarithms, find how long we left the money in the bank (find t).
Answer:

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A commonly asked question is, "How long will it take to double my money?" At 10% interest rate and continuous compounding, what is the answer?
Answer:

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4) For a fixed rate, a fixed principal amount, and a fixed compounding cycle, the return is an exponential function of time. Using the formula, , let r = 10%, P = 1, and n = 1 and give the coordinates (t, A) for the points where t = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.

a) Show coordinates in this space

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b) Show graph here

5) Logarithms:
Using a calculator, find log 10000 where log means log to the base of 10.
Answer:

Most calculators have 2 different logs on them: log, which is based 10, and ln, which is based e. In computer science, digital computers are based on the binary numbering system which means that there are only 2 numbers available to the computer, 0 and 1. When a computer scientist needs a logarithm, he/she uses a log to the base 2. To find the log of a number to any base, we can use a conversion formula as shown here:

Using this formula, find .
Answer:

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Maximizing Volumes, Compounding Interest and Logarithms are investigated. The solution is detailed and well presented. The response received a rating of "5/5" from the student who originally posted the question.

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  • BSc , Wuhan Univ. China
  • MA, Shandong Univ.
Recent Feedback
  • "Your solution, looks excellent. I recognize things from previous chapters. I have seen the standard deviation formula you used to get 5.154. I do understand the Central Limit Theorem needs the sample size (n) to be greater than 30, we have 100. I do understand the sample mean(s) of the population will follow a normal distribution, and that CLT states the sample mean of population is the population (mean), we have 143.74. But when and WHY do we use the standard deviation formula where you got 5.154. WHEN & Why use standard deviation of the sample mean. I don't understand, why don't we simply use the "100" I understand that standard deviation is the square root of variance. I do understand that the variance is the square of the differences of each sample data value minus the mean. But somehow, why not use 100, why use standard deviation of sample mean? Please help explain."
  • "excellent work"
  • "Thank you so much for all of your help!!! I will be posting another assignment. Please let me know (once posted), if the credits I'm offering is enough or you ! Thanks again!"
  • "Thank you"
  • "Thank you very much for your valuable time and assistance!"
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