Sexual Harassment
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Sixty per cent of working women have faced sexual harassment at some point of time in their working lives. For every woman who raises an outcry, there are hundreds of others who suffer in silence, quit their jobs or get transfers. The reporting is increasing.
a) Are numbers dealing with sexual harassment substantive or speculative?
b) How can we prove that for every one who speaks up there are hundreds who do not?
c) Are they fact or opinion based on perception over the years?
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Solution Summary
Based on the scenario, this solution responds to the questions: Are numbers dealing with sexual harassment substantive or speculative? How can we prove that for every one who speaks up there are hundreds who do not? Are they fact or opinion based on perception over the years?
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1. Are numbers dealing with sexual harassment substantive or speculative?
It could be argued from either position. One side would argue that numbers dealing with sexual harassment are substantive, the rationale being that the reported 60% in the above statement would probably be supported by empirical evidence or reliable sources (e.g., police reports, court charges and convictions, self-report, etc.), which is considered substantive (e.g. reliable and valid); and therefore fact.
However, if/when numbers (e.g. 60%) were not supported by empirical evidence then it would be considered speculative. For example, someone makes an educated guess (e.g., I bet 60% of working women have faced sexual harassment at some point of time in their working life), this is considered purely speculative, as it is not based on fact, but a matter of opinion.
The other side of the argument would point to the confounding variables (other explanations versus sexual harassment) ...
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