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Operation system mechanisms

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What hardware mechanisms are essential to the operation of the modern operating system? Briefly describe the purpose of each mechanism.
2. Describe the main benefits of SPOOLing systems.
3. Describe the boot process

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The solution discusses operating system mechanisms. The main benefits of SPOOLing systems and boot processes are described.

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1. What hardware mechanisms are essential to the operation of the modern operating system? Briefly describe the purpose of each mechanism.
Let us discuss about the hardware mechanism which are essential to the modern operating system,

INTERRUPTS:
Interrupts provide an efficient way for the operating system to interact and react to its environment. When a hardware device triggers an interrupt the operating system's kernel decides how to deal with this event, generally by running some processing code. The processing of hardware interrupts is a task that is usually delegated to software called device drivers, which may be either part of the operating system's kernel, part of another program, or both.
A program may also trigger an interrupt to the operating system. If a program wishes to access hardware for example, it may interrupt the operating system's kernel, which causes control to be passed back to the kernel. The kernel will then process the request. If a program wishes additional resources such as memory, it will trigger an interrupt to get the kernel's attention.
MEMORY MANAGEMENT AND MEMORY MANAGEMENT:
A multiprogramming operating system kernel must be responsible for managing all system memory which is currently in use by programs. This ensures that a program does not interfere with memory already used by another program. Since programs time share, each program must have independent access to memory.
Memory protection enables the kernel to limit a process access to the computer's memory. All methods require some level of hardware support which doesn't exist in all computers. Various methods of ...

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