Electron Donating Groups vs. Electron Withdrawing Groups

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  81212 Organic Chemistry Problems Organic Chemistry Problems The basicity of aromatic amines depends on the electron donation or electron withdrawing groups attached to the benzene ring, the more the number of electron donating group attached to the

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  Inductive effect : electron withdrawing group near the carbonyl group raise the carbonyl frequency and electron donating groups near will decrease the C=O frequency The frequency of ketone is lower as compared to aldehydes, Since H is a weaker donar

• TNT vs. TNB

  This makes the sequential addition of nitro groups easier. Each addition of a nitro group makes the next additon harder as nitro groups are "electron withdrawing" (i.e. its easier to nitrate mononitrobenzene than dinitrobenzene by far!)

• Groups on a benzene ring

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  by induction, donating electron density through the sigma bond.

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  On the other hand the +N(CH3)3 is an electron withdrawing group like the NO2 group. Hence the aromatic ring becomes electron poor and thus a weak nucleophile.

• Presence of Aldehyde Group

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• Organic Reactions and Mechanisms

  Electron-withdrawing groups on the dipolarophile normally favor an interaction of the LUMO of the dipolarophile with the HOMO of the dipole that leads to the formation of the new bonds, whereas electron donating groups on the dipolarophile normally favor

• Rate of Electrophilic Substitution

  Activation or deactivation of the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution is a result of the electron donating or electron withdrawing effect of the substituent group.