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Bonding: 4sp Hybridization

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How is it that 4sp orbitals are formed, as described in

http://csi.chemie.tu-darmstadt.de/ak/immel/script/redirect.cgi?filename=http://csi.chemie.tu-darmstadt.de/ak/immel/tutorials/orbitals/hybrid/4sp3.html

with 4s and 4p orbitals? Specifically, for a material like TiO2, where titanium has a configuration [Ar] 4s2 3d2, why is the 3d orbital "skipped"? Why do we hybridize between the 4s and 4p rather than involve the 3d?

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Solution Summary

sp hybridization is explained with reference to metals.

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So the orbitals being used are the 3p and 4s orbitals of Ti. The 3d is not used as only 4 bonds are being formed. If more than 4 ...

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